Team 10

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Team 10 , Team X or Team Ten was a group of architects that existed from 1953 to 1981 and emerged from the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) and criticized the dogmatic representatives of classical modernism , first and foremost Le Corbusier .

Important members included Peter and Alison Smithson (England), Georges Candilis and Shadrach Woods (USA), Jacob Bakema and Aldo van Eyck (Netherlands), Giancarlo De Carlo (Italy), Stefan Wewerka (Germany).

This group of “young rebels” was given the name “Team 10” because they were commissioned in the summer of 1953 at the ninth CIAM congress (in Aix-en-Provence ) to organize the tenth and last real CIAM congress. There, the French architect Georges Candilis of Greek origin made a lasting impression on the other young members, especially the Smithson couple, with the buildings he had planned in Casablanca , because he had adapted the modern there to local climatic and cultural (here: Muslim) conditions. After the dissolution of the CIAM, the members of "Team 10" set about continuing to work independently.

At the beginning, one of the central points of criticism was the separation of functions between living, working, leisure and transport in urban development , which was required by the Athens Charter before the war . This was countered by a hierarchy in house, street, district and city. In the course of time, the members often experimented with new types of spatial systems for buildings and city districts, with which they sought to implement their urbanist demands. Examples are the city expansion Toulouse-le-Mirail, as well as the “ Rostlaube ” of the Free University of Berlin by Candilis-Josic-Woods, the orphanage in Amsterdam by van Eyck. The Smithsons' design for London's “Golden Lane Project” must be seen as constitutive. Some representatives are associated with the currents of brutalism and structuralism .

With the death of Jacob Bakema in 1981, it was decided to dissolve Team 10.

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