Tell Burak
Coordinates: 33 ° 31 ′ 55 ″ N , 35 ° 22 ′ 37 ″ E
Tell Burak is about 9 km south of Sidon situated culture mounds of rubble in what is now Lebanon . It was settled during the Middle Bronze Age, then was visited again during the Iron Age and in the Ottoman Empire .
exploration
The excavations of Tell Burak have been taking place since 2003 under the direction of Uwe Finkbeiner and Jens Kamlahs ( Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen ) and Hélène Saders ( American University of Beirut ). Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz has been involved since 2013 . Individual sub-projects are also funded by the Orient Department of the German Archaeological Institute .
Local development
Middle Bronze Age
The most important findings of Tell Burak come from the Middle Bronze Age, especially a monumental building that is interpreted as a palace. It measured 30 × 40 m and was made entirely of adobe bricks . In addition to an inner courtyard, bastion-like towers at the corners of the building, a kitchen room, a representative room and a staircase could be detected. The building was erected on an artificially raised hill, the retaining walls of which could also be proven. Parts of the palace were decorated with wall paintings.
Iron age
The Late Iron Age settlement of Tell Burak existed from the 8th to the 4th century BC and can be ascribed to the Phoenicians . In addition to residential architecture, a fortification wall could also be found here, with a front wall in front of it 25 m away.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman settlement forms the youngest layer of settlement on Tell Burak and is poorly preserved. It is documented above all by the occasional broken fragments in the entire find area as well as some residential buildings on the top of the tell. They can be roughly assigned to the late medieval Ottoman period.
literature
- Uwe Finkbeiner , Hélène Sader: The Tell el-Burak Archaeological Project: A Preliminary Report on the 2001 Season. In: Bulletin d'Archéologie et d'Architecture Libanaises. 5, 2001, ISSN 1683-0083 , pp. 173-194.
- Jens Kamlah, Hélène Sader: Excavations on Tell el-Burak (Lebanon): Preliminary Report of the First Three Seasons (2001–2003). In: Bulletin d'Archéologie et d'Architecture Libanaises. 7, 2003, pp. 145-173.
- Jens Kamlah, Hélène Sader: In the motherland of the Phoenicians: Archaeological excavations on Tell el-Burak, southern Lebanon. In: World and Environment of the Bible . 28, 2003, pp. 64-67.
- Jens Kamlah, Hélène Sader: The Tell el-Burak Archaeological project. Preliminary Report on the 2005, 2008 and 2009 seasons. In: Bulletin d'Archéologie et d'Architecture Libanaises. 12, 2008, pp. 17-34.
- Jens Kamlah, Hélène Sader: German-Lebanese excavations on Tell el-Burak south of Sidon. Preliminary report after the end of the seventh campaign in 2010. In: Journal of the German Palestine Association. Vol. 126, No. 2, 2010, ISSN 2192-3124 , pp. 93-115, JSTOR 41304082 .
- Hélène Sader: Tell el-Burak: An Unidentified City of Phoenician Sidon. In: Beate Pongratz-Leisten, Hartmut Kühne, Paolo Xella (eds.): Ana šadî Labnāni lū allik. Contributions to ancient oriental and Mediterranean cultures. Festschrift for Wolfgang Röllig (= Old Orient and Old Testament . 247). Butzon & Bercker et al., Kevelaer 1997, ISBN 3-7666-0074-5 , pp. 363-375.
- Aaron Schmitt: The Iron Age metal finds from Tell el-Burak and Beirut (BEY 020). In: Journal of the German Palestine Association. Vol. 129, No. 2, 2013, pp. 171-216.
Web links
- Website of the American University of Beirut project
- Website of the project of the University of Tübingen
- Website of the project of the University of Mainz
- Tell Burak on the DAI homepage