Temple of Courage at Jebel Barkal

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Mount Barkal and its surroundings
Plan of the Temple of Courage

The Temple of Courage at Jebel Barkal , also called Temple B300 , is a temple at Jebel Barkal near Karima in northern Sudan in the state of Ash-Shamaliyya . The temple ( Hemispeos ), which is partially carved into the rock, is located on the west side of the 287  m high mountain, from where the striking rock point in front of the mountain assumed the shape of a Uraeus with the white crown of Upper Egypt for the Egyptians . The temple dedicated to the goddess Mut , wife of Amun , was built by Pharaoh Taharqa around 680 BC. u. Established at a time when he ruled Upper and Lower Egypt .

history

On the ruins of a temple from the New Kingdom , Taharqa built an outer temple made of stone masonry with a kiosk , pylon , Bes columns , columns with sistrum-headed Hathor capitals and had a Speos consisting of five chambers hewn into the rock in honor of the goddess Mut, from It was assumed that she lived in Jebel Barkal with the state god Amun. Only two of the Hathor columns remain from the outer temple. However, the associated Speos is well preserved and was restored from 2015 to 2018.

description

The rock chambers contain restored representations of Amun, Taharqa and the courage wearing the Egyptian double crown with a lion or human head. The representations are accompanied by hieroglyphics in which Taharqa says that he found the temple built by the “ancestors” in “modest structure” and restored it as a “magnificent work”. The figures are painted in ocher and white kaolin on an Egyptian blue background. Alluding to the myth of the Eye of Re , the goddesses played an important role both in the divine origin of the kings and in the coronation ceremonies.

  • Amun, accompanied by courage in the Barkal mountain with a uraeus-shaped rock needle

  • Taharqa followed by Queen Takahatenamun with Sistrum

  • Amun and Taharqa

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History of the Temple B300.
  2. ↑ Timothy Kendall, El-Hassan Ahmed Mohammed: A Visitor's Guide to The Jebel Barkal Temples . The NCAM Jebel Barkal Mission, 2016, pp. 12–24.
  3. ↑ Necia Desiree Harkless: Nubian Pharaohs and Meroitic Kings . The Kingdom of Kush, 2006, ISBN 1-4259-4496-5 , pp. 132-135.
  4. ↑ Timothy Kendall: Napatan Temples: a Case Study from Gebel Barkal . The Mythological Nubian Origin of Egyptian Kingship and the Formation of the Napatan State. Tenth International Conference of Nubian Studies. Rome, September 9-14, 2002.

Coordinates: 18 ° 32 ′ 7 ″  N , 31 ° 49 ′ 50 ″  E