Texas Interconnection
Texas Interconnection (TI) is the name for an electrical grid ( English Interconnection ) in the US, which in extent approximately 75% of the State of Texas covers. The only transmission system operator within the TI is the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). The Texas Reliability Entity (TRE) is responsible for supervision .
The TI is one of four interconnected networks in the USA and Canada. These network systems all work with the same mains frequency of 60 Hz , but are not synchronized with one another and therefore cannot be connected together directly. The two largest interconnected networks are the Eastern Interconnection and the Western Interconnection ; they are transnational and encompass most of the United States and Canada. The fourth interconnected network, the Québec Interconnection, is identical to the Hydro-Québec network .
history
Due to the Federal Power Act of 1935, the power companies in Texas cut their power lines to the other states in order to avoid federal law in this area.
The beginnings of TI go back to 1941 when various power companies in Texas merged to form the Texas Interconnected System (TIS). They diverted excess electricity to industrial companies in the Gulf of Mexico to aid the US war effort. The electricity suppliers recognized the advantages of an interconnected network and began to expand the TIS over time.
In 1970, TIS founded ERCOT to meet the requirements of the NERC . In 1981 the members of the TIS transferred the coordination of operations to ERCOT. In 1995, Texas lawmakers began deregulating the electricity market. Then ERCOT was established in September 1996, the first independent transmission system operator (Engl. Independent System Operator ) of an interconnected system in the US to ensure with the aim of non-discriminatory access to the network.
Key figures
In 2014, more than 24 million customers were supplied via TI. The TI network comprises high-voltage lines with a length of 69,000 km. The installed capacity is over 74,000 MW and the peak load on August 3, 2011 was 68,305 MW. In 2014 electricity consumption was 340 billion kWh. The installed capacity in 2014 consisted of gas-fired power plants (55%), coal-fired power plants (24%), nuclear power plants (6%) and wind parks (14%); generation came from gas-fired power plants (41.1%), coal-fired power plants (36%), nuclear power plants ( 11.6%) and wind farms (10.6%).
When it comes to wind farms, Texas ranks first among the states in the USA with an installed capacity of 12,000 MW; Applications for wind farms with a further 24,500 MW had been submitted by December 2014. On February 19, 2015, a record was reached for generation from wind power with 11,154 MW; that corresponded to 34% of the network load on that day. On March 29, 2015, wind power achieved the highest share in generation with 40.58%.
From the load profile on August 3, 2011, it can be seen that coal and nuclear power plants served to cover the base load, while gas power plants covered the peak load. Wind power made a small contribution that day.
links
The TI is linked to both the Eastern Interconnection and the network in Mexico. There are currently no connections to Western Interconnection .
Eastern Interconnection
- In Oklaunion , there was an HVDC transmission system (82 kV, 200 MW) between the TI and the Southwest Power Pool (SPP) since 1984 . This system was replaced in 2014 by a new HVDC transmission system (345 kV, 220 MW).
- In Mount Pleasant , Siemens installed an HVDC transmission system (345 kV, 600 MW) between the TI and the SPP for AEP .
Mexico
- The AEP substation in Eagle Pass has been connected to the CFE substation in Piedras Negras via HVDC (138 kV, 36 MW) since 2001 .
- In Laredo there has been a connection since 2007 using a frequency converter , which can transmit up to 100 MW.
- An HVDC transmission system (138 kV, 150 MW) has existed in Sharyland since October 2010.
Tres Amigas superstation
A connection between the three American interconnected networks has been planned since 2009. The planned transmission capacity was 5 GW in the beginning and up to 30 GW in the final stage. The company Tres Amigas LLC would like to set up a so-called superstation in Clovis . As of June 2015, the project is still in the planning phase.
Others
The Texas Reliability Entity is the successor to the Texas Regional Entity , a division of ERCOT. On July 1, 2010, the tasks of the Texas Regional Entity were transferred to the Texas Reliability Entity .
Individual evidence
- ^ Company Profile. Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), accessed June 19, 2015 .
- ↑ a b About Us. (No longer available online.) Texas Reliability Entity (TRE), archived from the original on June 21, 2015 ; accessed on June 19, 2015 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b An Electric 'Game Changer' Gets FERC Scrutiny. The New York Times , December 23, 2009, accessed June 21, 2015 .
- ↑ a b History. ERCOT, accessed on June 19, 2015 (English).
- ↑ a b Quick Facts. (PDF 324 KB) ERCOT, accessed on June 19, 2015 (English).
- ↑ a b US – MEXICO cross-border trade NARUC Summer Meeting. (PDF 1 MB; pp. 3, 5) (No longer available online.) ERCOT, archived from the original on June 21, 2015 ; accessed on June 21, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Transamerica Interconnections. tdworld.com, December 1, 2011, accessed June 21, 2015 .
- ^ Oklaunion - Enable more efficient power exchanges and power flow control. ABB, accessed June 21, 2015 .
- ↑ HVDC - High Voltage Direct Current Transmission. (PDF 33.5 MB; p. 36) Siemens , accessed on June 21, 2015 (English).
- ↑ AEP-CENTRAL POWER AND LIGHT, CFE DEDICATE INNOVATIVE ELECTRIC TIE BETWEEN US AND MEXICO. American Electric Power (AEP), accessed June 21, 2015 .
- ^ The Laredo VFT Project. (No longer available online.) Electric Transmission Texas (ETT), archived from the original on June 21, 2015 ; accessed on June 21, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Sharyland 150 MW Back-to-Back Asynchronous Tie. (PDF 3.4 MB) (No longer available online.) ABB , archived from the original on June 21, 2015 ; accessed on June 21, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Home. Tres Amigas LLC, accessed June 20, 2015 .
- ↑ Texas Reliability Entity, Inc. ERCOT, accessed June 19, 2015 .
