The World (South Africa)

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The World (until 1956 The Bantu World ) was a South African , predominantly English-language weekly or daily newspaper that appeared in Johannesburg and was distributed nationwide. It was aimed at black people and was banned in 1977.

history

The Bantu World

The newspaper was founded in 1932 by Bertram Paver, a white former farmer and advertiser, as a weekly newspaper for blacks. The aim was to increase sales from advertising customers. The foundation was supported by John David Rheinallt Jones from the South African Institute of Race Relations . The publisher was called Bantu Press Ltd. , the newspaper used British tabloids as a model. The newspaper appeared nationwide. At the time it was founded, around one eighth of black South Africans could read. At the end of 1932, half of the shareholders were black. The editions had 20 pages each, 13 of which were in English and the rest in other national languages. In October 1932 the newspaper had a special page for women for the first time. In 1933 the Argus Printing Company took over the publishing house; the black shareholders had to leave him. The first editor-in-chief was Victor Selepe-Thema until 1952. Authors in the 1930s included Henry Nxumalo , Peter Abrahams, and RRR Dhlomo . In 1940 - after the rival, black-run African Leader newspaper was shut down - the newspaper advertised with the slogan South Africa's Only National Bantu Newspaper (roughly: "South Africa's only national Bantu newspaper"). The distribution area also included southwest Africa . At that time , an issue cost two pence , an annual subscription nine shillings .

During the Second World War, the terrorist organization Ossewabrandwag carried out two bomb attacks on the editorial building. At the same time, Imvo Zabuntsundu (about: "Native opinion") appeared in isiXhosa and English in the same publishing house from around 1940, and Mochochonono ("The Comet") in Sesotho , which was widespread in Basutoland , was published from 1948 to 1954 , both traditional, secular newspapers for blacks, but which lost importance under the new leadership.

The World

Jacob Nhlapo was editor-in-chief from 1953 until his death in 1957; During this time the name was changed to The World because the name Bantu was considered derogatory. One of the well-known journalists of this time was Doc Bikitsha , who reported, among other things, on the Treason Trial that began in 1956 . Alf Khumalo worked as a photographer for the world during this time . For years after 1957 there was no editor-in-chief. After the Sharpeville massacre in 1960, the newspaper appeared as a daily newspaper, but was largely apolitical until the 1970s under pressure from the operating company. Bertram Paver left the paper at this time to start newspapers for blacks in Rhodesia . Manasseh Tebatso Moerane was editor-in-chief from 1962 to 1973. In 1974 Percy Qoboza took over this post. Aggrey Klaaste became the paper's news editor that same year . In 1976 the circulation was around 100,000.

The photographer Sam Nzima had been employed by The World as a photojournalist since 1968 . In 1976 the newspaper became the first medium to show his photo of the dying Hector Pieterson , one of the first victims of the Soweto uprising . With effect from October 19, 1977, the Black Wednesday ("Black Wednesday"), the paper was banned by a ban order under the Internal Security Act , the responsible news editors Percy Qoboza and Aggrey Klaaste arrested.

The sister paper Weekend World was also banned, as were several anti- apartheid organizations. Qoboza received the Golden Pen of Freedom Award from the World Association of Newspapers for his work . He spent the years in exile in London until 1985 before returning as editor-in-chief of City Press .

Instead of World and the Post , which also appears in Johannesburg , the publisher founded The Sowetan newspaper in 1981 , which is still published today.

reception

  • In Johannesburg, a 2016 Johannesburg City Heritage plaque commemorates the newspaper and some of its employees.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Nhlanhla Maake: Archetyping race, gender and class: advertising in The Bantu World and The World from the 1930s to the 1990s. (English; PDF), accessed on January 22, 2017
  2. ^ A b Herman Wasserman: Tabloid journalism in South Africa: True Story! Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2010, ISBN 978-0253222114 . Excerpts from books.google.de
  3. ^ Tim Couzens : A short history of the 'World' (and other South African newspapers). Witwatersrand University , Johannesburg 1976, p. 6. Digitized
  4. ↑ a b c Tim Couzens: A short history of the 'World' (and other South African newspapers). Witwatersrand University , Johannesburg 1976, p. 8. Digitized
  5. ^ Tim Couzens: A short history of the 'World' (and other South African newspapers). Witwatersrand University , Johannesburg 1976, p. 10. Digitized
  6. ↑ Facsimile of the title page from March 6, 1937 (English; PDF), accessed on January 21, 2017
  7. ↑ a b Tim Couzens: A short history of the 'World' (and other South African newspapers). Witwatersrand University , Johannesburg 1976, p. 12. Digitized
  8. ↑ Horst Zander: Fact - Fiction - "faction": a study of black South African Literature in English. Gunter Narr, 1990, ISBN 3823346598 . Excerpts from books.google.de , accessed on January 22, 2017
  9. ^ Scott Rosenberg, Richard W. Weisfelder, Michelle Frisbie-Fulton: Historical Dictionary of Lesotho. Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland / Oxford 2004, ISBN 978-0-8108-4871-9 , p. 442.
  10. ^ South African History Online : at sahistory.org.za Doc Bikitsha . at sahistory.org.za , accessed on January 21, 2017
  11. ↑ a b Tim Couzens: A short history of the 'World' (and other South African newspapers). Witwatersrand University , Johannesburg 1976, p. 13. Digitized
  12. ^ South African History Online : Manasseh Tebatso Moerane . at sahistory.org.za , accessed on January 22, 2017
  13. ^ A b SAIRR : A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1977 . Johannesburg 1978, p. 179.
  14. ^ South African History Online : Black Wednesday, the banning of 19 Black Consciousness Movement Organizations. at sahistory.org.za , accessed on July 11, 2020
  15. ^ Image of the badge , accessed on January 22, 2017