Tianma (Sheshan)
Tianma ( Chinese 天馬社區 / 天马社区 , Pinyin Tiānmǎ Shequ ), originally an independent community is, since January 2001, a population community in the west of the greater community of Sheshan in turn, the district Songjiang the Chinese city of Shanghai is one. Tianma is the seat of government of today's Sheshan Township. At the 5th census in 2000 , the then still independent Tianma had a population of 18,741 people.
Tianma Mountain Park
The name of the community is derived from the 98.2 m high Himmelspferd- or Tianma hill (天马山) consisting of tuff breccia , crystal tuff and porphyry tuff , which, with its east and west peaks, can be imagined as one Sky horse can be seen soaring the air . The hill is densely forested on 95.5 hectares, mostly bamboo and deciduous trees, including a ginkgo planted over 800 years ago by the song general Zhou Wenda (周文 达) . On the Tianma Hill there are temples of various denominations, the most famous of which is the Buddhist Pariveda Shasana Monastery (圆 智 教 寺, Pinyin Yuánzhìjiào Sì , literally "Monastery of All-encompassing Wisdom"). The origins of this monastery go back to the Dhyana Clause (禅 居, Pinyin Chán Jū ), which was built in 859 about 1 km southwest of today's center of Songjiang . When the Huangpu Jiang overflowed its banks at the beginning of the Later Jin Dynasty and washed away the foundations of the hermitage, it was rebuilt on the Tianma Hill in the years 936-942. Around 980, at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Zhao Guangyi , the monastery under Abbot Xichan (熹 蟾) became more and more popular, not only from pilgrims, but also from people who chose a monastic life. Thereupon the monastery was given the honorary title of "Sublime Favor and Clear Doctrine" (崇惠明 教, Pinyin Chónghuì Míngjiào ) by the emperor . The monastery received its current name during the reign of Emperor Zhao Shu (1064-1067).
Not far from the Pariveda Shasana monastery, on an intermediate summit of the Tianma hill, there is the seven-story Rakshamani Pagoda (护 珠 塔, Pinyin Hùzhū Tǎ , literally "protective pearl pagoda"), which according to recent research was made in 1157 by General Zhou Wenda , Peace Commissioner (招抚 使, Pinyin Zhāofǔ Shǐ ) for the area of today's Jiaxing (then 秀 州 / Xiuzhou), was established on the orders of Emperor Zhao Gou to take up a Sharira relic (the eponymous protective pearl) from India. The core of the octagonal pagoda is made of brick and is 18.81 m high. The pagoda originally had a wooden roof crown on each floor. However, these, like the wooden staircase inside, were completely destroyed in a fire that was triggered by flying sparks from a sacrificial ceremony in the nearby monastery in 1788.
Over the years that followed, the rammed earth that makes up the pedestal on which the pagoda sits also became loose, causing it to tilt to the southeast. In the 20th century, local residents discovered that there were coins from the Tang and Song dynasties embedded in the mortar between the bricks . So they removed one brick at a time to get to the coins. After a few years, 1/4 of the first floor was missing, which further impaired the stability of the pagoda. During an inspection by experts from the Shanghai Institute for Civil Architecture (上海市 民用建筑 设计院, today “Shanghai Research Institute for Architecture GmbH”) in June 1982 it was found that the top of the pagoda was 2.27 m out of plumb, which is an angle of inclination of 6 ° 52'52 '', i.e. more than the Leaning Tower of Pisa . As a result, the Shanghai Monument Protection Commission (上海市 文物 保管 委员会, Pinyin Shànghǎi Shì Wénwù Bǎoguǎn Wěiyuánhuì ) formed a working group with around a dozen members to deal with measures to preserve the Rakshamani Pagoda. The instruction read: “Maintain the inclination, but don't let it overturn.” In 1984 work began on inserting reinforced concrete reinforcements in invisible places in the pedestal and in the pagoda, which securely connected the two structural elements and increased strength. In addition, some of the weathered bricks of the pagoda body were replaced. In December 1987 the restoration work was completed.
Tianma radio telescope
West of the village of Sanjiezhi (三 界址 村) has been a modern 65-meter radio telescope of the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory since 2012 , which is primarily used for research on star formation and the interstellar medium and for VLBI , but also part of the Chinese deep space network and makes an important contribution to missions of the National Space Agency of China .
Individual evidence
- ↑ 佘山 镇 志 编纂 委员会: 佘山 镇 志.上海 辞书 出版社, 上海 2012, p. 46.
- ↑ 佘山 镇. In: http://www.xzqh.org . May 6, 2014, accessed February 19, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ 松江 区 历史 沿革. In: http://www.xzqh.org . July 28, 2015, Retrieved February 19, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ 邹逸麟 、 刘君德: 《上海 地名 志》 第一 篇 自然地理 实体 地名, 第二 章 山 、 岛 、 沙, 第一节 山丘. In: http://www.shtong.gov.cn . August 9, 2004, accessed February 20, 2019 (Chinese).
- ↑ 许 洪 新: 天马山 护 珠 塔 建 年 考. In: http://www.shtong.gov.cn . May 20, 2014, accessed February 20, 2019 (Chinese).
- ^ Charles O. Hucker: A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford University Press , Stanford 1985, p. 116.
- ↑ 马承源: 《松江 文物 志》 第一 章 第二节 古 建筑 一 官署 宗教 建筑 4． 护 珠 塔. In: http://www.songjiangmuseum.com/sjbwg/index.jsp . June 28, 2001, Retrieved February 22, 2019 (Chinese).
