Tiergartenstrasse 4

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Forecourt of the Berlin Philharmonic, the place where the “euthanasia” murders were planned and organized
Villa Tiergartenstrasse 4 before 1921
Memorial column Campaign T4 at Tiergartenstraße 4
Memorial plaque Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße 1 (with a photo of the villa)
Memorial and information point for the victims of the National Socialist “euthanasia” murders

Tiergartenstrasse 4 (with the code T4 ) is an address on Tiergartenstrasse in the Berlin district of Tiergarten on the southern edge of the Großer Tiergarten near Potsdamer Platz in the immediate vicinity of the Berlin Philharmonic, built by Hans Scharoun and inaugurated in 1963 ( Herbert-von-Karajan - Strasse 1) and the Musical Instrument Museum (Tiergartenstrasse 1).

history

A building with the address Tiergartenstrasse 4 no longer exists today. On the property of this address, at the time one of the finest residential areas in Berlin, there used to be a late Classicist villa . The property was originally acquired by the textile industrialist Georg Liebermann (1844–1926) and the building later became the property of Eva Köbener and Hans Liebermann (1876–1938). The second-hand bookshop of the Berlin art dealer Paul Graupe (1881–1953) was at this address, as was the book and art second-hand bookshop Hermann Ball, which carried out auctions together. After the “ seizure of power ” by the National Socialists , the building was “virtually confiscated”.

The planning and administrative authority for the "euthanasia" murders known under the cover name Aktion T4 - the murder of sick and mentally handicapped people - has been located in the city villa since the spring of 1940 . Both the secret " Central Office " ("non-profit foundation for institutional care") and the murder program itself were named after this address under the abbreviation T4. The murder program was directed “against the mentally ill, the mentally and physically disabled as well as“ racially ”and socially undesirable.” It was pointed out that many of those involved in these crimes were involved in the mass murder of Jews , Sinti and Roma in the extermination camps Belzec , Sobibór and Treblinka were deployed: "They remained employees of the 'T4' headquarters."

The building was badly damaged in Allied air raids in 1944 during World War II and later demolished in the 1950s.

In 1989 a commemorative plaque was set in the ground with the following text designed by Götz Aly and Klaus Hartung :

"Honor the / forgotten / victims"
At this point, at Tiergartenstrasse 4, the first National Socialist mass murder was organized from 1940, called "Aktion T4" after this address.
Almost 200,000 defenseless people were killed between 1939 and 1945. Her life was called "unworthy of life", her murder was called "euthanasia". They died in the gas chambers of Grafeneck , Brandenburg , Hartheim , Pirna , Bernburg and Hadamar , they died from execution squads, from planned starvation and poison.
The perpetrators were scientists, doctors, nurses, members of the judiciary, the police, and the health and employment services. The victims were poor, desperate, defiant, or in need of help. They came from psychiatric clinics and children's hospitals, from nursing homes and welfare institutions and hospitals, from camps.
The number of victims is large, the number of convicted perpetrators is low. "

- Berlin Senate : inscription on the commemorative plaque

The terminus of several bus lines is now located at this square in Tiergartenstrasse.

memorial

Since September 2, 2014, a memorial and information center for the victims of the National Socialist “euthanasia” murders has been located on the property (north of the Kultur-Forum ) .

Others

Christoph Klimke wrote a play at Tiergartenstrasse 4, which premiered in 2008 . A drama in two acts by Pietro Floridia was published under the title T 4. Ophelias Garten .

See also

literature

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ For the address of the central office T4 at the time and the secret murder program Aktion T4 .
  2. ↑ The former Matthäikirchstraße .
  3. ↑ On the person, cf. Patrick Golenia, Kristina Kratz-Kessemeier, Isabelle Le Masne de Chermont: Paul Graupe (1881–1953): A Berlin art dealer between the Republic, National Socialism and exile. With a foreword by Bénédicte Savoy . Cologne, Weimar, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag 2016 ( partial online view )
  4. ↑ On the person of Hermann Ball (d. 1924), cf. arthistoricum.net : Auction houses in Berlin (section: "Hermann Ball").
  5. ↑ See, for example, the catalog Die Sammlung Prinz Friedrich Leopold von Preussen with contributions from German princes and Berlin private collections . Berlin 1931 (auctioned on November 27 and 28, 1931) - digitized
  6. ↑ The history of the villa at Tiergartenstrasse 4 (Matthias Liebermann)
  7. ↑ Stefanie Endlich, Sigrid Falkenstein, Helga Lieser, Ralf Sroka (publisher link)
  8. ↑ Annette Hinz-Wessels (publisher link)
  9. ↑ sigrid-falkenstein.de, accessed on April 16, 2017
  10. ^ Memorial and information point for the victims of the National Socialist "euthanasia" murders. Foundation Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, accessed on April 16, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Lest we forget grandstand "Tiergartenstrasse 4" by Christoph Klimke. In: berliner-zeitung.de , March 28, 2008
  12. ↑ dnb.de

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 38 ″  N , 13 ° 22 ′ 8 ″  E