Tipuloidea

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Tipuloidea
Tipula paludosa

Tipula paludosa

Systematics
Trunk : Arthropod (arthropoda)
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Fly (Diptera)
Subordination : Mosquitoes (Nematocera)
Partial order : Tipulomorpha
Superfamily : Tipuloidea
Scientific name
Tipuloidea
Coquillett , 1901

The tipuloidea are a superfamily within the Diptera (Diptera), the families of cylindrotomidae (Cylindrotomidae) limoniinae (Limoniidae) pediciidae and gnats comprises (Tipulidae).

features

Tipuloidea are slender, long-legged, flying insects of very different sizes. The body length can be from 3 millimeters to over 5 centimeters. In the adults , the ocelles are completely regressed or only rudimentary . The wings are narrow and elongated and not separated into stem and blade. There are always two complete anal veins in the wing. A V-shaped transverse suture is typical on the middle section of the trunk (mesothorax). The cerci of the females are single-limbed, the males lack cerci. In the larvae, the head is sunk about halfway into the prothorax and can be partially dissolved starting from the rear end. They are mostly metapneustic, so the tracheal system has only one opening at the end of the abdomen, less often apneustic, i.e. without opening. Prothoracic stigmas are always absent.

Way of life

The adults of the Tipuloidea are mostly short-lived with a lifespan of a few weeks. They usually stay close to their larval habitat. The larvae occur in very different habitats, depending on the species, from standing and flowing water to moss cushions, rotting material and soil to the interior of plants or in animal structures or bird nests.

Systematics

The Tipuloidea are the sister taxon of the winter mosquitoes (Trichoceridae) and are placed together with them and the Triassic Gnomuscidae in the suborder Tipulomorpha, which in turn represents the sister taxon of all other two-winged birds. Finds of fossil Tipuloidea are known, for example, from Baltic amber , the superfamily probably existed since the Triassic.

 Fly  (Diptera)  



Tipuloidea


   

Winter mosquitoes (Trichoceridae)


   

† Gnomuscidae




   

other two-winged birds




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The Tipuloidea living today comprise four families with around 15,000 described species in over 600 genera and subgenera.

The Gnomuscidae family was established for two species ( Gnomusca molecularula , Gnomusca renyxa ), both of which were described by the Russian paleontologist Dmitri Evgenjewitsch Shcherbakow after two isolated wings from sediments of the middle to lower Triassic Madygen Formation of Kyrgyzstan . Originally placed as a subfamily of the Limoniidae, they are now considered a sister group of the Trichoceridae.

proof

  1. ^ Matthew J. Peterson, Charles R. Parker, Ernest Bernard: The crane flies (Diptera: Tipuloidea) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park . In: Zootaxa . tape 1013 , 2005, pp. 1-18 (English).
  2. ^ A b c Willi Hennig: Diptera (Zweiflügler) . 2nd Edition. 2; tape 4 ; tape 31 from Handbook of Zoology. Walter de Gruyter, 1973, ISBN 978-3-11-004689-2 , p. 20-22 .
  3. ↑ a b David A. Grimaldi, Michael S. Engel: Evolution of the insects . Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0 , pp. 496 .
  4. ↑ Catalog of the Craneflies of the World
  5. ↑ Dmitry Shcherbakov, Vladimir Blagoderov, Elena D Lukashevich (1995): Triassic Diptera and initial radiation of the order. International Journal of Dipterological Research 6: 75-114.

Web links

Commons : Tipuloidea  - collection of images, videos and audio files