Edict of tolerance
An edict of tolerance is an official government decree ( edict ) that guarantees tolerance for religious minorities . Often times, edicts of tolerance were short-lived and over time were officially or gradually overridden. The term has its roots in the Latin word tolerare for “suffer” or “endure” (see also tolerance ).
Edicts of Tolerance in History
- 538 BC BC - Edict of Cyrus - allows the Israelites to return home from their Babylonian exile .
- April 30, 311 - Galerius' Edict of Tolerance - Christianity becomes a tolerated religion.
- June 13, 313 - Milan Agreement (often incorrectly called the Edict of Tolerance of Milan ) - freedom of choice of belief for all religions.
- January 13, 1568 - Edict of Torda , Transylvania - Equal rights for all Christian teachings, especially for Catholics, Lutherans, Reformed and Unitarians
- 1573 - The Edict of Tolerance of the Warsaw Confederation ensures not only religious freedom for minority denominations, but also full civil rights and political equality with Catholics.
- 1593 - The Costituzione Livornina guarantees freedom of belief in the Tuscan city of Livorno .
- April 13, 1598 - Edict of Nantes - Toleration of the Huguenots (revoked on October 18, 1685).
- 1649 - Maryland Tolerance Act , USA.
- September 16, 1664, Edict of Tolerance in the Electorate of Brandenburg , tolerance among the Protestant denominations.
- October 29, 1685 - Edict of Potsdam - Admission of the (reformed) Huguenots in Lutheran Prussia.
- 1689 - Toleration act, the English king allows dissenters their own worship
- 1692 - The Chinese Emperor Kangxi permits the Jesuit mission in China.
- March 29, 1712 - Edict of tolerance by Count Ernst Casimir in Büdingen . It guaranteed “complete freedom of conscience” and in return demanded “to behave in a bourgeois manner against authorities and subjects as well as in their homes as respectable, decent and Christian” . The actual goal was to counteract the decline in population caused by war and plague.
- June 17, 1773 Edict of Tolerance by Catherine II as a reaction to the internal political disputes with the Muslim Tatars. In the Edict of Tolerance she promised to tolerate all religious denominations in the Russian Empire , with the exception of the large number of Jews who had been her subjects since the First Partition of Poland .
- October 13, 1781 - Josef II. Tolerance patent - Tolerance of minorities previously persecuted in Austria.
- 1784 - Edict of Tolerance by Elector Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony - Protestants are tolerated in the Electorate of Kurtrier .
- November 29, 1787: Louis XVI. issues the Edict of Versailles in favor of the Huguenots .
- March 11, 1812 - Friedrich Wilhelm III. von Prussia extends the rights of Jews who have already been naturalized in the old Prussian parts of the country through the Prussian Jewish edict .
- March 30, 1847 - Edict of tolerance by King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia - Among other things, leaving the church is permitted.
Remarks
- ↑ The political equality of Protestants with Catholics was gradually put out of force from around the second half of the 17th century. It only becomes a subject of his reforms during the reign (1764–1795) of King Poniatowski
- ^ The Edict of Tolerance (November 29, 1787) - Article at the Virtual Museum of Protestantism ; Status: October 7, 2008
- ↑ Tolerance . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 15, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 742.