Trasformismo
The term trasformismo is a non-translatable ism from Italian trasformazione “ conversion , metamorphosis , transformation ” and originally referred to a political tendency in the post- risorgimental kingdom of Italy , which aimed to abolish the traditional political dialectic by leveling the ideological differences of the parliamentary groupings . The Trasformismo has a natural tendency to homogenize political activity and is thus latently in opposition to the two- or multi-party system .
The term is also used to denote constant political change, in the sense of a constant transformation of social structures through politics.
history
The Italian concept of trasformismo refers to a political practice that took place in Italy in particular since 1882 , after it was already embodied by Cavour on the way to the unified Italian state . At that time it was the left - liberal Italian Prime Minister Agostino Depretis ( Sinistra storica ) who included the right-wing conservative - liberal party ( Destra storica , formed as the Partito Liberale Costituzionale from 1882 ) into his government and thus coined the term. This created a centrist camp that was new at the time in the political sphere of Italy and appeared moderately reformist and was able to control the progressive advances of the radicals in parliament.
In fact, at the end of the 19th century, transformismo had a strong impact on the political discourse in Italy , which was soon seen more as an obstacle to fundamental change and linked to the corruption of the political class, as politics was neutralized by the parliamentary party discourse had increasingly been replaced by clientele relationships, which in turn could easily be directed by the prime minister . The tactical paralysis of politics , known as trasformismo, was continued after Depretis by Prime Ministers Francesco Crispi and Giovanni Giolitti and ultimately culminated in the unrest after the First World War, which was accompanied by corruption and decay .
The concept of Trasformismo remained an integral part of the history of Italian democracy and continues to have an effect up to the present day. B. in the concordance democracy of the 1980s.
literature
- Rudolf Lill : History of Italy in Modern Times. Darmstadt 1998, pp. 211-213.
- Volker Reinhardt : History of Italy from late antiquity to the present. Munich 2003.
- Markus Schacht: The Giolitti experiment. Trasformismo and reform liberalism in Italy 1901-1915 , in: Otto Büsch / Arthur Schlegelmilch (eds.): Paths to European order change. Society, politics and constitution in the second half of the 19th century , Hamburg 1995, pp. 309–346.
- Nico Perrone : L'inventore del trasformismo. Liborio Romano, Strumento di Cavour per la conquista di Napoli . Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino 2009. ISBN 978-88-498-2496-4