Triad (economy)
In the economy, the three largest economic areas in the world, i.e. NAFTA , the EU and industrialized East Asia ( Japan , Taiwan , South Korea , Hong Kong , Singapore ) , are referred to as the triad in the broadest sense . At the same time, the East Asian region is increasingly being identified with the ASEAN + 3 .
In the narrower sense, the three largest economies USA , Japan and Germany used to be called the triad . A national reference was made here. In the course of the rise of China to meanwhile the second largest economy in the world, this term became obsolete or is redefined by some authors as the triad USA-EU-China or "Quadriga". Although the EU is not a nation state, it is much more integrated than regular free trade areas.
Economic power
According to the World Development Report 2004 of the World Bank , the triad (USA, Japan, Germany) comprises almost half of the world gross national income (GNI), measured in US dollars (i.e. not according to purchasing power parity ). Just under eight percent of the world's population live in the triad . At the beginning of the 1990s, however, the countries of the triad were still able to unite over half of the world's GNI (at that time still shown as GDP ).
| 2004 | 1994 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| population | ESD | population | GDP | ||||||||
| Million | % | $ Billion | % | Million | % | $ Billion | % | ||||
| world | 6345.1 | 100.0 | 39833.6 | 100.0 | 5237.7 | 100.0 | 24801.0 | 100.0 | |||
| United States | 293.5 | 4.6 | 12150.9 | 30.5 | 260.6 | 5.0 | 6738.3 | 27.2 | |||
| Japan | 127.8 | 2.0 | 4749.9 | 11.9 | 125.0 | 2.4 | 4328.8 | 17.5 | |||
| Germany | 82.6 | 1.3 | 2489.0 | 6.2 | 81.5 | 1.6 | 2084.8 | 8.4 | |||
| Triad | 503.9 | 7.9 | 19389.8 | 48.7 | 467.1 | 8.9 | 13151.8 | 53.0 | |||
In contrast, however, there is a relatively high level of national debt in the three regions. The ratio of debt to GDP ( government debt ratio ) was 63.1% in Germany in 2008, 58.9% in the EU-27, 65.6% in the USA and 182.8% in Japan.
Triad patent
"Triad patents" or "patents relevant to the world market" are patents that are registered with the European , US and Japanese patent offices.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Selected indicators of the World Development Report 2006 of the World Bank. (PDF; 261 kB; English; no longer available 3/2012)
- ↑ Monthly report June 2008. ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.6 MB) Federal Ministry of Finance :, p. 104
- ↑ Vera Erdmann, Oliver Koppel, Sebastian Lotz, Axel Plünnecke: Innovationsmonitor 2012 . ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Study by IW Cologne on behalf of the New Social Market Economy Initiative , p. 58 f.
