Trichomonads disease

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The Trichomonadenseuche is a by T. fetus caused venereal disease of cattle . In Germany it is one of the notifiable animal diseases , in Switzerland it is one of the "epidemics to be eradicated" in group 2. The disease occurs worldwide and was one of the most important causes of fertility disorders in cattle until the 1950s.

Pathogen

The causative agent of the disease is Tritrichomonas fetus , a single cell from the family Trichomonadidae with three trawl flagella and one dragging flagellum with an undulating membrane. The transmission takes place, as with Trichomonas vaginalis (a related pathogen of a sexually transmitted disease in humans), with the mating ( venereal ). In addition, transmission through animal contact and indirectly through objects is possible. Transmission through semen is also very rare.

In addition to cattle, the pathogen also occurs in the intestinal tract of other animal species, asymptomatic in pigs and as a diarrhea pathogen in cats (→ tritrichomonosis in cats ).

Clinical picture

In cows, the pathogen causes vaginal , vaginal vestibular , purulent uterine lining and fallopian tube inflammation . Occasionally there is also an inflammation of the placenta ( placentitis ) and thus increased cattle change, longer periods of oestrus and between calving times . Rarely are also abortions triggered. The parasite colonizes the sexual apparatus for up to about 5 months.

In male cattle, the disease is mostly symptom-free. Occasionally a slight inflammation of the glans and foreskin ( balanoposthitis ) occurs. Older bulls can remain infected for life.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made on the basis of vaginal and cervical swabs or preputial irrigation samples through direct pathogen detection (culture, PCR ).

The differential diagnosis must enzootic Campylobacter abortion in cattle , brucellosis , Q fever , leptospirosis , neosporosis , fungal abortions, IBR / IPV and BVD / MD be excluded.

Combat

The therapy or control measures to be initiated are based on the animal health regulations and are determined by the official veterinarian . It usually consists of a slaughter. Valuable cows can be uterine irrigation with iodine compounds , and bulls can burn the penis with a 25% aqueous silver nitrate solution .

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