Trithrinax
| Trithrinax | ||||||||||||
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Trithrinax brasiliensis var. Acanthocoma |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Trithrinax | ||||||||||||
| Mart. |
Trithrinax is a genus of palm that is native to South America.
features
The representatives are single-stemmed or multi-stemmed, hermaphrodite fan palms . They are reinforced and bloom several times. The trunk is upright and covered with the perennial, fibrous, sometimes spiny leaf sheaths. The leaves are fan-shaped, induplicate (V-shaped) folded and dry up on the plant. The leaf sheath is tubular and dries into a fibrous, partly woody network; the upper fibers transform into stiff spines. The leaf blade is fan-shaped to almost circular, it has little or no costapalmatism (leaf stalk extends into the blade). The blade is divided into numerous, simply folded, rigid segments. The upper side of the leaf is bare, the underside is covered with wax and hairy.
The inflorescence is single and between the leaves. It is rather short to medium in size, cream-colored and three-branched. The peduncle is short. The sepals are fused to about half of their length. There are two, three, or four carpels. The stamens have long, free filaments that are more than twice as long as the crown.
The fruit is lonely, white and spherical. The remaining scar is apical, the non-developed carpels are basal. The exocarp is smooth, the mesocarp is fleshy, and the endocarp is thin and papery. The seed is free, spherical and has a circular hilum (scar).
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.
Distribution and locations
Trithrinax occurs in South America in the countries of Bolivia, in western tropical and southern Brazil, in Paraguay, Uruguay and in Argentina. Trithinax schizophylla grows in sandy marshes and on river banks, the other species on dry locations.
Systematics
The genus Trithrinax Mart. is placed within the family Arecaceae in the subfamily Coryphoideae , Tribe Cryosophileae . Their systematic position within the tribe has not yet been finally clarified.
The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew's World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognizes the following species:
- Trithrinax brasiliensis Mart. (Syn .: Trithrinax acanthocoma Drude ): The home is southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It comes in two varieties (var. Acanthocoma and var. Brasiliensis ).
- Trithrinax campestris (Burmeist.) Drude & Griseb. : The home is Argentina and northern Uruguay.
- Trithrinax schizophylla Drude : The homeland is eastern Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. In two varieties (var. Biflabellata , var. Schizophylla ).
The generic name Trithrinax is made up of the number tri = three and the generic name Thrinax . The first describer Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius did not give an explanation for the name .
Fossil flowers are known from the amber of the Dominican Republic. They are classified in the middle Eocene to the middle Miocene and were described as Trithrinax dominicana .
use
The trunks are used as lumber, the leaves for roofing. The leaf sheaths were used as filters in the past. The fruits are eaten fresh or fermented. The seeds can be used as an oil supplier. Trithrinax campestris is widely planted as an ornamental plant, it is cold and drought tolerant.
supporting documents
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms . Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2 , pp. 222f.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Trithrinax. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 5, 2018.
Web links
- Trithrinax on the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden website