Troika (top management)
The term troika is used in a figurative sense as a designation for a top management consisting of three people (formerly called triumvirate ). The name is derived from the original use of the term: Troika , a team with three draft animals side by side.
Germany
- In the 1970s, for example, the leadership of the SPD , with Willy Brandt as party leader, Herbert Wehner as parliamentary group leader and Helmut Schmidt as Federal Chancellor, was known as the troika.
- In the 1990s, Gerhard Schröder , Oskar Lafontaine and Rudolf Scharping attempted a new edition of the political troika, but this failed relatively soon due to the differences between the participants.
- In 2011, a troika made up of Peer Steinbrück , Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Sigmar Gabriel was also discussed in the media.
- On September 28, 2012, Sigmar Gabriel announced ahead of time at a press conference in the Willy-Brandt-Haus in Berlin that the troika would continue to consist of him as federal chairman of the SPD, Frank-Walter Steinmeier as parliamentary group chairman and Peer Steinbrück as candidate for federal chancellor for the 2013 federal election will.
Europe
- In the European Union , a group of three countries was referred to as a troika: it consisted of the country that currently holds the six-monthly rotating presidency , the country that held it last, and the country that will assume it next. This group of three played an important role in the EU. It was replaced at the beginning of 2007 by the so-called three-man presidency .
- In the area of the common foreign and security policy , the Troika appoints the President-in-Office of the Council, the High Representative of the CFSP and the President of the Commission .
- The term troika was often used in connection with the trio of Gerhard Schröder , Jacques Chirac and Vladimir Putin .
- Since the euro crisis in 2010, the trio of the European Commission ( EU Commission ), European Central Bank (ECB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) has also been referred to in the media as a troika. The name was introduced by the Greek media for the heads of their delegations at the beginning of the euro crisis; The media in other European countries also picked up the name.
Outside of Europe
- The "Great Troika" (Russian Большая тройка) consisted in the Second World War of the leaders of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition : Winston Churchill , Franklin D. Roosevelt and Josef Stalin .
- Nikita Khrushchev , Lavrenti Beria and Georgi Malenkov ruled the Soviet Union from March to June 1953, from Stalin's death until Beria was arrested.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Daniela Forkmann, Michael Schlieben: The party chairman in the Federal Republic of Germany 1949-2005 2005, ISBN 978-3531145167
- ↑ We hold together Süddeutsche Zeitung from July 20, 2011
- ↑ Troika inspectors return to Athens Spiegel Online from September 20, 2011