Troika

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Schematic structure of tension
Troika

The Troika ( Russian тройка [ tr͡ɔjka ], three; pronunciation in English [troika] or [troika]) is a tension way for carts or carriages in which as in Dreispänner three horses or other draft animals walk side by side (a team with three horses in succession is Called random ). The troika is a type of trio that is particularly widespread in Russia and West Asia.

Classic Russian troika tension

Orlov trotters are used for classic Russian troika tension . The agent horse walks under a Duga in the trot , the Galopins outer horses referred to fall sharply outwardly provided in the canter , the right in the left, the left the right lead.

Only the middle horse is steered. The classic troika is driven with four individual lines, two of which lead to the middle horse and one each to the outer bridle ring of the outside horses. A reins lead from the inner bridle ring of the outside horse to the duga. The outside horses follow the slowing pull of the reins.

Each horse wears a neck strap with bells and the harness is set with bells, so that a troika is seen by some as an instrument. The bells are not only used for jewelry, but also as a warning system that warns passers-by of the fast approaching, silent sledge. Peter the Great attempted to horn the troika sleds for this very reason. However, it was the more practical bells that prevailed.

reception

The troika tension was also known in Germany through the song by Ivan Rebroff "With the Troika in the big city".

The term is also used in a figurative sense. Some leadership groups consisting of three people or institutions are or have been referred to as Troika (e.g. the EU Troika , a supervisory body of the European Union), see Troika (leadership) .

In the Stalinist Soviet Union , there were special courts consisting of three people , which were also called Troika, see Troika (NKVD) .

literature

  • Troika . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 19, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p.  736 .
  • The Russian tension. In: Max Pape: The Art of Driving. 4th edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1979, p. 189.

See also

Web links

Commons : Troika  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Cf. Duden online: Troika
  2. ↑ Moscow Hippodrome