Orlov trotter
| Orlov trotter | |
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| Important data | |
| Origin: | Chrenowoje near Bobrov , today Voronezh Oblast |
| Main breeding area: | Russia |
| Distribution: | almost exclusively Russia |
| Stick measure : | approx. 160 cm |
| Colors : | White horse , fox , brown horse , black horse |
| Main application area: | Driving, agriculture |
The Orlov trotter is a breed of horse from Russia . Its breeding began at the end of the 18th century.
Background information on horse evaluation and breeding can be found under: Exterior , interior and horse breeding .
Exterior
The horse has a height at the withers of approx. 160 cm, is elegant, strong and has a slightly rammed head. Its neck, usually inclined as a swan neck, is set high. His back is relatively long, the chest not very deep, but broad. The croup is short and sloping and the tail is set very high and carried. The legs are strong, hard and long, with little droppings. The hooves are big. Tendon problems are common.
Orlov trotters have an impressive trot, but not as pronounced as the modern trotter . The body color of this breed is mostly mold, but brown and black horses also occur.
Orlov trotters can reach speeds of around 52 km / h. They are great for harness racing.
interior
The balanced nature of the Orlov trotters is appreciated.
Breeding history
Count Alexei Orlow-Tschesmensky , once a favorite of Catherine the Great , fell out of favor in 1770 and has since devoted himself to breeding trotter horses. The goal was a reliable draft horse for sleighs and coaches that could survive long distances with great speed in the harsh conditions of Russia. The animals should continue to be equipped with a high trot action and a lot of nobility.
After a few unsuccessful attempts, Count Orlow decided to use Arab horses , which are known for their toughness and endurance. For this purpose, Count Orlow in Morea , today's Peloponnese peninsula in Greece , purchased a group of Arab horses for his Ostrowo stud near Moscow in 1775 . One horse in this group was the gray stallion Smétanka , which Count Orlov is said to have acquired for 60,000 rubles . The stallion had a stick size of 153 cm, which is a large size for a desert Arab, but was useful for Count Orlow's breeding goal.
Of the five descendants of Smétanka , the stallion Polka I fell out of the mating with a Danish mare . This in turn was paired with a Dutch harddraver mare, through which an improvement in trotting ability could be achieved. The son from this combination, a gray named Bars I ( snow lion ), became the progenitor of the Orlow trotter and worked as a stallion at the Chrenovoi stud for 17 years. The mixed pedigree of Bars I was probably the reason why the stallion did not inherit much consistently. Only the mating with half-sisters of Bar I from his father Polka I brought a good transmission of the positive traits of Polka I and the trotting action of the Dutch mare.
A systematic breeding policy, which made use of both systematic inbreeding and strict selection, allowed a beautiful, high-performance breed to be formed in a short time, which was particularly suitable as a fast carriage and sleigh horse. Over a long period of time, the Orlov trotter was the fastest trotter breed. The stallion Cowboy ran 1,600 meters in 1: 57.2 minutes. In the second half of the 19th century, however, it was replaced by the American Standardbred and crossbreeds of this breed.
The population of the Orlov trotter then fell sharply and the Russian State Stud Administration issued regulations with measures to preserve the species at the last minute . At the end of the 20th century, the Orlov trotter population is said to have included around 25,000 animals.
The most important studs today, besides the original Krenovsky stud near Bobrov in Voronezh Oblast, are : Moscow stud, Schachowskoi stud (near Tula ), Permsky stud (near Perm ), Tschesmensky stud (Voronezh oblast), Altaysky stud ( Altai region ), Tatarsky stud ( Tatarstan ), Nowotomnikowski stud (in Tambov Oblast ), Shadrinsky stud ( Schadrinsk , Kurgan Oblast ) and the Kemerowski stud (near Kemerovo ).
A frequently encountered confusion of "Russian trotter" and "Orlov trotter" stems from the fact that today's Russian trotter was first called Metis trotter and the Orlov trotter was temporarily renamed Russian trotter - one wanted to make it clear that the " Noble Toys' had nothing to do with it. In 1949 the Orlov trotter got its original name back and the Metis trotter has been called the Russian Trotter since then. Russian trotters are Orlov trotters until 1949 and then Metis trotters.
Web links
- Website of the Khrenovskoy Stud , the home of the Orlov trotter (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dr. Foppe Bonno Klynstra: "Wüstenadel". Olms Verlag 1978 ISBN 3-487-08173-3
- ↑ The clever Hans - an Orlov trotter amazes the world. ( Memento from September 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) On: Unser-kabardiner.de , viewed on September 10, 2014.