Tullia (daughter of Cicero)

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Tullia (* August 5 between 79 BC and 75 BC; † February 45 BC ), named by her father Tulliola , was the only daughter of the Roman senator Marcus Tullius Cicero and his first wife Terentia .

Life

Date of birth

Tullia's birthday on August 5th is known from a letter from her father: It was the feast day of Salus and the founding date of Brundisum , on which she Cicero when he returned from exile in 57 BC. Received in Brundisium. Your year of birth can be determined based on the biography of your father and her first marriage in December 63 BC. To the years between 79 and 75 BC Be narrowed down. Her parents married around 80 BC at the earliest. BC, but probably only after Cicero's return from Greece in 77 BC. According to the prevailing laws , Tullia must have been at least 12 years old at her own first wedding, i.e. 75 BC at the latest. To be born in BC.

childhood

Tullia grew up in an intellectual household. As can be seen from her father's letters to her mother and his friend Titus Pomponius Atticus , he loved her very much. It is not known what training Tullia received. In his letters, however, Cicero described her as “clever” and doctissima - “very learned” and reported on political discussions within the family. To his brother Quintus he praised her as his image and feelings, as well as as an equal interlocutor.

Wife and daughter

Tullia was married three times. Presumably as a child she was born in 67 BC. Betrothed to Gaius Calpurnius Piso Frugi and 63 BC. Married. Piso was the great-grandson of the historian Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi and probably a student of her father, who in one of his rhetorical writings extolled him as the most talented young speaker he had ever known. When her father 58 BC When his citizenship was revoked and he had to go into exile, their marriage was at risk. But Piso, who was quaestor that year , stood by her and, together with Tullia , campaigned in vain for the then consul Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus , a distant relative, for the return of his father-in-law from exile. However, he died before Tullia 57 BC. Was able to receive her father returning from exile in Brundisium. Because it was her birthday on this very day, the day the city was founded, as Cicero announced in a public address, they celebrated the Brundisers.

In the following year she married Furius Crassipes († after 49 BC) from the patrician family of the Furier , who was believed to be 54 BC. Was quaestor. Nothing more is known about him and his marriage than that he owned a large house with a garden outside of Rome. We also don't know when and why they got divorced, only that they got divorced in the summer of 51 BC. When Cicero left for Cilicia as proconsul , he was unmarried. No children are known from their first two marriages.

Cicero discussed Tullia's third marriage in several letters beforehand. He favored the son of his friend Servius Sulpicius Rufus and, after he had married elsewhere, Tiberius Claudius Nero , the later first husband of Livia Drusilla . Terentia's favorite, Publius Cornelius Dolabella , a follower of Gaius Julius Caesar , was not the best choice for Tullia's father because of his bad reputation and was also married. Since Cicero was in Cilicia at the time of his daughter's search for a new husband, Tullia and Terentia were able to enforce the attractive Dolabella after he was divorced. Dolabella and Tullia married before Cicero's return in July 50 BC. The exact date is not known, but since it was customary to pay the first installment of the dowry on the first anniversary of the marriage, the date of the payment on July 1, 49 BC, can be traced back to The wedding date will be closed. Cicero was not thrilled about it, especially since Dolabella was the one who had charged Appius Claudius Pulcher, represented by Cicero, with bribery. In one in the first days of August 50 BC. The letter to Atticus written in BC reads: Subito sum factus accusatoris eius socer - Suddenly I became the father-in-law of his (Appius') accuser.

After Caesar on January 10, 49 BC. Having crossed the Rubicon, Cicero left Rome with his son . He was very worried that his wife and daughter would no longer be safe in town. In several letters he tried to convince her to come to him. These letters also show that he discussed politics with Tullia and that her views were quite different from his. It was not until the beginning of May that Tullia came to see her father in Cumae . BC gave birth to a son two months early, who died soon afterwards. Dolabella was with Caesar at the time. When Cicero and his son left Italy in early June, Tullia returned to Rome with her mother. The following winter she became seriously ill. Although she was unhappy about her husband's way of life, her father paid the second installment of the dowry because Tullia was in financial difficulties. Cicero could not help her because he did not get his fortune while fleeing from Caesar. In connection with allegedly embezzled funds from the dowry - as the second installment 48 BC. It was said that 60,000 sesterces were missing from the first installment - there was a rift between Cicero and Terentia, which led to the divorce in 47 or 46 BC. Led. Atticus supported her during her father's absence.

While Dolabella tyrannized Rome as the tribune of the people , Tullia lived from June 47 BC. Until his pardon by Caesar in August of the same year with her father in Brundisium. She had probably already separated from Dolabella; in any case, Cicero did not pay the third installment of the dowry, but for fear of Dolabella's power did not dare to announce the divorce. Dolabella traveled to Egypt with Caesar a little later. She only saw her husband again when he died in June 46 BC. Returned from Alexandria with Caesar and took rhetoric lessons with Aulus Hirtius from her father in Tusculum . On November 10, 46 BC Tullia's marriage was dissolved. Tullia was pregnant again at this point. While Cicero withdrew to his country estate, she took part in the search for a new wife for her father and a house in Rome.

death

When in February 45 BC they After the birth of a second son, Lentulus, who also died a little later, died on an estate of her father, Cicero fell into deep mourning. He even divorced his second wife Publilia, whom he had married only a few weeks earlier, because her grief was not deep enough. He argued with Dolabella for a long time about the repayment of the dowry. After his plan to build her a temple could not be carried out, Cicero consoled himself by writing a philosophical consolation titled Consolatio , which has been lost.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cicero: Ad Atticum IV 1.4.
  2. ↑ Tulliolam, quae nobis nostra vita dulcior est - Tulliola, who is dearer to us than our life ( ad familiares 14.7)
  3. ^ Ad Quintum fratrem 1.3.
  4. ↑ Cicero: Brutus 272.
  5. ↑ Susan Treggiari: Terentia, Tullia and Publilia. The Women of Cicero's Family , London 2007, p. 76.
  6. ↑ Cicero: ad Atticum VI 6.1
  7. ↑ ZB ZB ad familiares 14, 18, where he also gives instructions to protect the house with barricades.
  8. ↑ Ad Atticum 10.18
  9. ↑ Dolabella's letter to Cicero of June 48 BC. Chr. Ad familiares 9.9
  10. ↑ Ad familiares 14.9 + 19
  11. ↑ Susan Treggiari: Terentia, Tullia and Publilia ; P. 115.
  12. ↑ Ad Atticum 11.2
  13. ↑ See Cicero: Ad Atticum 11.22, 3. and Ad familiares 14.13.
  14. ↑ Susan Treggiari: Terentia, Tullia and Publilia. The Women of Cicero's Family , London 2007, p. 130.
  15. ↑ The patrician Dolabella had himself 47 BC. Adopted Lentulus from a plebeian in order to become tribune of the people.
  16. ↑ See the consolation of Servius Sulpicius on the occasion of Tullia's death ( Ad familiares 4,5).
  17. ↑ Plutarch: Cicero 41.8 .
  18. ↑ Bernhard Kytzler : Women of antiquity. From Aspasia to Zenobia . Artemis, Munich & Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-7608-1224-4 , p. 166.
personal data
SURNAME Tullia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tulliola (nickname)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Daughter of Marcus Tullius Cicero
DATE OF BIRTH August 5th between 79 BC BC and 75 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH February 45 BC Chr.