Turn lock

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The turn lock (also turn ban ) was a start in 1820 on the territory of the German Confederation under the Demagogenverfolgung enacted ban on gymnastics .

Gymnastics was only introduced in Germany in 1807 by "gymnastics father" Friedrich Ludwig Jahn . In 1819 the Breslau gymnastics feud broke out . The trigger for the suspension and initially the Carlsbad resolutions of autumn 1819 was the murder of the writer August von Kotzebue on March 23, 1819 by the fraternity and gymnast Karl Ludwig Sand . In addition to physical exercise , the gymnastics movement also strived for a German nation-state and was therefore viewed by the princes as subversive.

The gymnastics lock was partially in force until 1842, in some German states it was lifted earlier - some had not even introduced it. Gymnastics was able to flourish in Schaumburg-Lippe , since it was subsidized by the state , as the prince's educator, Bernhard Christoph Faust , was able to set up Lower Saxony's first gymnasium in Bückeburg . Reinhild Fuhrmann analyzed this anomaly in her Göttingen dissertation (with Arnd Krüger ) and was able to show that the emphasis on the health aspects of gymnastics, the reference to gymnastics in ancient Greece, the selection of their own staff who could not be identified with Jahn, the Created conditions to convince the prince and gave him the opportunity to argue accordingly to others.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reinhild Fuhrmann: The sex res non naturales. On the role of an ancient pattern of justification for physical exercise in the educational and medical discourse of the 18th century, especially taking into account the "Lower Saxony gymnastics father" Dr. Bernhard Christoph Faust. Lower Saxony. Inst. For sports history, Hoya 2005, ISBN 3-932423-17-8 .

literature

  • Ernst Frank: Friedrich Ludwig Jahn: a modern rebel. Orion Heimreiter Verlag, 1972, ISBN 3-87588-067-6 .
  • Hannes Neumann: The German gymnastics movement in the revolution of 1848/49 and in American emigration. Karl Hofmann, Schorndorf 1968.
  • Hans-Joachim Bartmuß, Josef Ulfkotte: After the gymnastics ban: "Turnvater" Jahn between 1819 and 1852. Böhlau, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-412-20734-2 .