Tuschl (noble family)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Tuschl , also known as the Tuschel , were a Lower Bavarian noble family during the High Middle Ages . They rose from the rank of ministerial to the rank of knight . At its heyday it was considered one of the richest families in Lower Bavaria. It is documented over five generations from 1259 to 1397. Through Schweiker I and Heinrich , the Tuschl had a lasting impact on the region around Passau and Vilshofen in the 14th century.

history

The first generation of the Tuschl family is hard to understand. In the beginning, the Tuschl ministerials were the lords of Kamm-Hals , who later became Counts of Hals . The first family members were the brothers Eberhard and Otto. They document 1259, 1262, 1263 and 1284 as witnesses of their Lord Count Albert von Hals . In 1291 there was probably a change of entourage. With the marriage contract by Rapoto IV. And Count von Hals, the areas around Castle Kamm near Ortenburg, St. Philipp (today Söldenau ), Isarhofen and Holzkirchen changed hands. It can be assumed that the Tuschl family, as ministerials, also moved into the retinue of the Ortenburg counts . There they rose from the rank of ministerial to that of a servant . The relationship with the Halsern apparently remained. Later the Tuschl can also be found in the retinue of the dukes of Bavaria. It is not known when the Tuschl rose to the rank of knight. Schweiker I. and Otto appear in the second generation, but their father is still unknown, presumably they are Otto's sons.

Söldenau Castle, which was built by Schweiker I. Tuschl. Here on an engraving by Michael Wening from 1723.

Schweiker I. is considered to be one of the most important people of the sex. He was several times in the service of Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria and the Bavarian dukes. Among other things, he was Vizedom at the Rott. Schweiker built the Söldenau family castle around 1320 . His paid offices enabled him to accept numerous pledges from the emperor and the Bavarian dukes. At the same time he became the creator of Tuschl's wealth. On May 25, 1343, Schweiker and his brother Otto founded an eternal hospital for twelve people in the city of Vilshofen . In 1347 Schweiker I. Tuschl built the stone bridge over the Wolfach in Vilshofen. In the same year he and four other family members also built the Dießenstein fortress in the Bavarian Forest on behalf of Ludwig the Bavarian to control the important trade route.

Heinrich was one of Schweiker's sons . In his time he was considered one of the wealthiest noblemen of his time. Since one of his three wives fled from him, he went down in the legend of the same name as " Knight Alain ". Heinrich is recorded as a ducal councilor in 1358; he is responsible for collecting and using taxes. In addition, Heinrich is one of the witnesses in the Peace of Schärding in 1369 .

The Saldenburg, which was built by Heinrich Tuschl.

On behalf of Count Leopold von Hals, Heinrich built the Saldenburg fortress in the Bavarian forest in 1368 to protect the “ gulden Straß ”, which is known today as the Goldener Steig . Heinrich received the land near Saldenburg and the castle to be built as a fief for the construction. After his death, his son Schweiker III sold. the celebrations to the Bavarian dukes.

In 1376 Heinrich Tuschl wrote his will of around 4,000 words, one of the most extensive documents of the 14th century. Among other things, he founded the St. Johannis Collegiate Foundation in Vilshofen. He also made extensive donations to numerous other monasteries, churches, relatives and friends.

His son Schweiker III. went on a pilgrimage to the holy land. With his death in 1397, the Tuschl family died out.

Aftermath

To this day, the Tuschl family is known not only for the famous legend of the knight alone, but also for their wealth and their large and charitable donations. In Aldersbach , Saldenburg and Söldenau streets are still known as Ritter-Tuschl-Straße . In Vilshofen the elementary school is called Ritter-Tuschl-Volksschule . In Saldenburg and Dießenstein there is a themed hiking trail, which is dedicated to the medieval history of the Saldenburg and Dießenstein festivals and their former owners of the Tuschl family.

Great personalities

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sale of the Saldenburg

literature

  • Ina-Ulrike Paul: Tuschl from Söldenau. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 791 ( digitized version ).
  • Karl Wild: Söldenau Castle - Four Hundred Years of Söldenau Castle Brewery , Vilshofen 1977.
  • Franziska Jungmann-Stadler: Vilshofen district - the historical area of ​​the Vilshofen and Osterhofen district courts , Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Altbayern Series I, Volume 29, Munich 1972 ( digitized ).
  • Renate Blick: Griesbach Regional Court , Historical Atlas of Bavaria, Altbayern Series I, Volume 19, Munich 1970 ( digitalized ).
  • Karl Wild: The Testament of Heinrich Tuschl von Söldenau , in: Ostbairische Grenzmarken 3, Passau 1959, pp. 39–79.
  • Norbert Schrüfer: Legends and Stories. Saldenburg and his knight Tuschl, Verlag Senging, Saldenburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-9810161-6-1 .

Web links