Tustrup burial ground

Tustrup burial ground from the north

The Tustrup burial ground (actually a necropolis ) is a collection of prehistoric monuments west of the village of Tustrup, on the road to Nørager , in the north of the Jutland Djursland peninsula , Denmark . In the four systems on a flat plateau above the valley of the Hevring Å are two Dolmen a, passage grave and the radicals of the so-called Mesh house the Beaker culture (TBK), which as reconstruction in the park of the museum village of Moesgård at Aarhus stands. They date from the Neolithic Age around 3500–2800 BC. Neolithic monuments are an expression of the culture and ideology of Neolithic societies. Their origin and function are considered to be the hallmarks of social development.

The valley of the Hevring Å was still a fjord of the Kattegat in the Neolithic. The whole of North Djursland was made up of islands that separated the Kolindsund and Randers Fjords from the mainland of Jutland. The area of ​​the burial ground is one of the most important prehistoric monument groups in Denmark. There is an information pavilion on the Tustrup site.

The relatively small Runddysse (in Denmark the name of a dolmen with a round kerbstone) has been reconstructed. Its chamber has an entrance that consists of an opening in the 8 m wide ring of 13 curbs. Between the curbs is between walls pasted from the laid loose red sandstone. The capstone that was replaced was missing from this chamber.

• Runddysse (Runddolmen)
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  Runddysse before restoration

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  Runddysse after the restoration

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The passage grave

The passage grave is a form of Neolithic megalithic systems , which consists of a chamber and a structurally separated, lateral passage. This form is primarily found in Denmark, Germany and Scandinavia, as well as occasionally in France and the Netherlands.

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  The passage grave on the left

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  The passage grave

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  Passage grave chamber

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  Entrance to the side chamber

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  View into the adjoining chamber

With its 2 × 2 m large side chamber , the inside approximately 9 × 3 m large passage grave is one of the largest structures of its kind in Denmark and is also the largest structure in East Jutland. Passage graves with side chambers are rare. Most of them are in North and East Jutland. Its internal height of over 2 m is also remarkable. The capstones of the 6 m long corridor as well as the middle capstone of the chamber are missing. A total of 40 stones were used, the heaviest of which weighs 20 t. There were hardly any finds from the complex.

The dolmen

The dolmen in the northern part consisted of a chamber with a short passage. The cap stones and one of the bearing stones are no longer there. Another dolmen is on the other side of the valley about 50 m in the field north of Skovgårdevej.

The cult building

The approximately 6.0 × 5.0 m large cult building (Danish Kulthuset ), regarded as a temple , was the first of its kind to be discovered in Jutland in 1953. Sometimes the buildings made of vertical split planks and stones were divided into a main room and an anteroom. More are now known from North Jutland. The size varies a lot. The assumption that it is a temple of the cult of sacrifice or death is based on finds of ceramics from the funnel beaker culture of the same kind as was found in the surrounding megalithic complexes. The construction itself is partly reminiscent of Central German huts for the dead . Similar buildings were found in the Jutland towns of Engedal, Ferslev, Foulum and Herrup. A Bronze Age cult house was discovered in 1985 near Sandagergård on Zealand while a gas pipeline was being built. It seems to be part of the ritual that the houses were demolished or burned after a period of use.

See also

• Nordic megalithic architecture

literature

• Mats Anglert (Ed.): Kulthus & dödshus. The ritualiserade rummets teori and practice . Riksantikvarieämbetets förlag, Stockholm 2006, ISBN 91-7209-428-1 .
• CJ Becker : Cult houses of the Funnel Beaker Culture . In: Steen Hvass, Birger Storgaard (Ed.): Digging into the past. 25 years of archeology in Denmark . Universitets-Forlag, Århus 1993, ISBN 87-7288-568-8 , pp. 110 f .
• Poul Kjærum: Tempelhus fra Stenalder . In: Kuml . 1955, ISSN  0454-6245 , p. 7-35 .
• Poul Kjærum: Storstengrave ved Tustrup . In: Kuml . 1957, p. 9-23 .
• Poul Kjærum: Mortuary Houses and Funeral Rites in Denmark . In: Antiquity . tape 41 , no. 163 , 1967, ISSN  0003-598X , pp. 190-196 .
• Oscar Marseen: Ferslev-huset. En kultbygning fra Jættestuetid . In: Kuml . 1960, p. 36-55 .
• Jakob Vedsted: Fortidsminder og Kulturlandskab. En kildekritisk analysis af tragtbaegerkulturens found material from Norddjursland. Forlaget Skippershoved, Ebeltoft 1986, ISBN 87-981329-5-4 .
• Jürgen E. Walkowitz: The megalithic syndrome. European cult sites of the Stone Age (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Vol. 36). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2003, ISBN 3-930036-70-3 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Johannes Müller : Neolithic Monuments and Neolithic Societies. In: Hans-Jürgen Beier , Erich Claßen, Thomas Doppler, Britta Ramminger (eds.): Varia neolithica VI. Neolithic Monuments and Neolithic Societies. Contributions from the meeting of the Neolithic Working Group during the annual meeting of the North-West German Association for Ancient Research in Schleswig, 9. – 10. October 2007 (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Volume 56). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-941171-28-2 , pp. 7-16, here p. 15.

Web links

Commons : Tustruper Gräberfeld  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Description of the facility (Danish)
• Sandagergård
• Video of the passage grave

Coordinates: 56 ° 29 ′ 26.6 ″  N , 10 ° 30 ′ 44.2 ″  E