Tutusch I.

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Abu Said Taj ad-Daula Tutusch I († 1095 ) was the Seljuk ruler ( Emir , later Sultan ) of Damascus from 1079 to 1095 as the successor of Atsiz ibn Uwak . He was the brother of the Greater Seljuk ruler Malik Shah I (r. 1072-1092).

In Syria and Palestine, Tutusch took the important cities of Damascus, Jerusalem and Acre from the Fatimids and rival Turkmen rulers . In Jerusalem he installed Ortoq as governor. Aleppo was added in 1086 . Tutusch was called by the ruler Aleppo against the (rebelling) Seljuq prince Suleiman ibn Kutulmish († 1086) to help. Tutusch won, but his brother's ambitions probably went too far, so that he installed rulers who conformed to him in Mosul , Aleppo and Antioch and pushed Tutusch back.

But after the death of Malik Shah in November 1092, the empire threatened to collapse and Tutusch wanted to recapture his old territory. However, he was fought by his nephew, the new Sultan Berk-Yaruq (r. 1092 / 4–1105). First, Tutusch was able to win back Aleppo in 1094 (after a revolt by Aq Sonqor , who defected to Berk-Yaruq), Harran and Edessa and then be proclaimed Sultan (instead of Berk-Yaruq) in Baghdad. During his further advance, however, he was defeated and killed on February 26, 1095 in a battle near Rey .

Tutusch inherited his son Radwan Aleppo and his son Duqaq Damascus. But this did not stop the brothers from fighting each other to rule the whole area. The Fatimids recaptured southern Palestine. Then in 1098 they also drove the sons of Ortoqs, the Ortoqids , from Jerusalem. The incessant power struggles among the Seljuq princes then favored the First Crusade in 1098/9 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Martijn Theodoor Houtsma: EJ Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. Volume 2, p. 662.

literature

  • Hans Eberhard Mayer : History of the Crusades. (= Kohlhammer-Urban pocket books 86). 8th, improved and enlarged edition. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 1995, ISBN 3-17-013802-2 , pp. 51, 62
  • Steven Runciman : History of the Crusades. (= Beck's special editions ). Special edition in one volume without reference to source or literature. CH Beck Munich 1978, ISBN 3-406-02527-7 , pp. 76, 78, 322.
personal data
SURNAME Tutusch I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abu Said Taj ad-Daula Tutush
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Seljuk ruler of Damascus as successor to Abaaq al-Khwarizmi
DATE OF BIRTH 11th century
DATE OF DEATH 1095