Tyberissus
Coordinates: 36 ° 12 ′ 55 ″ N , 29 ° 51 ′ 23 ″ E
Tyberissos was an ancient settlement in Lycia near the modern city of Çevreli (formerly Tırmısın ) in the Turkish district of Demre .
The mountain fortress was about 280 m above sea level, two kilometers north of the port of Timiussa . Only a narrow footpath leads from Çevreli to the site, the outline and former structure of which can still be easily recognized on aerial photographs. Tyberissus is first mentioned in the 5th century BC. In the inscription pillar of Xanthos as Tuburehi.
In the 5th century BC The place was a small castle complex with a tower-like core structure as a mountain fortress, surrounded by simple residential houses with only one room, which are grouped on terraces around the fortress. In the south of the settlement there was a small Temenos , of whose Lycian temple an altar has been preserved. The Lycian (wooden?) Temple was replaced by a Greek temple in the Hellenistic period . This Ante temple of the Doric order was dedicated to Apollo and facing south, as is typical of the temples of Lycia. At the same time, around the 2nd century BC. An agora was created. The modest wealth of the inhabitants of Tyberissos at this time is evident in the housing developments. The houses now had several rooms and were built from neat ashlar masonry with embossed ashlars.
Statue bases were found all over the place, an inscription on the outer walls of the Temple of Apollo testifies to a citizen of the city who, as Prytane in nearby Myra , stood out as a benefactor in Tyberissos and received an honorary statue in the Temenos of Apollo.
In the Roman Empire the place was part of a sympolity with Myra. An inscription from Tyberissus pays homage to the emperor Augustus .
literature
- Christof Schuler : A contract between Rome and the Lycians from Tyberissos. In: the same (ed.): Greek epigraphy in Lycia: an interim balance. Files from the international colloquium in Munich, 24. – 26. February 2005 (= Memoranda (Austrian Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-Historical Class). Volume 354; Supplementary volumes to the Tituli Asiae Minoris. No. 25). Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2007, pp. 51–79.
- Christof Schuler: Augustus, God and Lord over land and sea. A new inscription from Tyberissus in the context of late Hellenistic rulers' worship. In: Chiron . Volume 37, 2007, pp. 383-403.
- Martin Zimmermann : Port and hinterland. Paths of acculturation on the Lycian coast. Preliminary report on the field research in the Central Lycian towns of Tyberissos and Timiussa in the years 1999-2001. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Istanbul Department. Volume 53, 2003, pp. 265-312.
- Martin Zimmermann: Lycia. In: Wolfgang Radt (Ed.): City excavations and urban research in western Asia Minor. Planned and achieved. International Symposium 6./7. August 2004 in Bergama (Turkey). Ege Yayinlari, Istanbul 2006, pp. 199-214.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Location map on histolia.de.
- ↑ Tituli Lyciae 44b, 15 ( online ).
- ↑ Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum ³ 1234; Christof Schuler: A contract between Rome and the Lycians from Tyberissos. In: the same (ed.): Greek epigraphy in Lycia: an interim balance. Vienna 2007, pp. 384–389 No. 1.