Tylosaurus
| Tylosaurus | ||||||||||||
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Tylosaurus |
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| Temporal occurrence | ||||||||||||
| Coniacium to Campanium ( Upper Cretaceous ) | ||||||||||||
| 85.8 to 70.6 million years | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Tylosaurus | ||||||||||||
| Marsh , 1872 | ||||||||||||
Tylosaurus was a large mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous . Smaller species, such as Tylosaurus kansasensis , reached lengths of 7 meters, while Tylosaurus progier is estimated to be 12 to 13 meters in length.
The name Tylosaurus (Greek tylos = knob, button) goes back to the elongated, cylindrical snout and comes from Othniel Charles Marsh , who in 1872 described remains that came from Kansas for the first time . Fossils of the animals have been found in North America , Europe, and New Zealand . Mosasaur fossils found on islands on the Antarctic Peninsula may also belong to Tylosaurus or the closely related Hainosaurus .
The largest species Tylosaurus proriger had a head up to 1.8 meters long, 72 backward curved, sharp teeth in the mouth and weighed an estimated 8 tons. On a fossil found in 1917 by Charles H. Sternberg in Kansas, parts of the skin covered by overlapping scales have also been preserved.
Tylosaurus probably lived in shallow water near the coast.
species
- Tylosaurus saskatchewanensis Jiménez-Huidobro, Caldwell, Paparella, and Bullard, 2018, Upper Cretaceous North America
- Tylosaurus haumuriensis (Hector, 1874) Syn. Taniwhasaurus oweni , lower to middle Campanium of New Zealand
- Tylosaurus proriger ( Cope , 1869), Syn. (?) Tylosaurus dyspelor , Santonium to middle Campanium of North America
- Tylosaurus nepaeolicus (Cope 1874), Coniacium - Santonium of Kansas (USA)
- ( Tylosaurus kansasensis Everhart, 2005, late Kansas Coniacium)
The species Tylosaurus kansasensis , first described by Mike Everhart in 2005, was discovered in 2016 by Jiménez-Huidobro et al. described as a young animal of Tylosaurus nepaeolicus and thus synonymous with this taxon.
literature
- Richard Ellis: Sea Dragons. Predators of the Prehistoric Oceans. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6 .
Web links
- Mike Everhart: The Bunker Mosasaur. oceansofkansas.com
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Michael J. Everhart: Tylosaurus kansasensis, a new species of tylosaurine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas, USA. In: Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw. Vol. 84, No. 3, 2005, ISSN 0016-7746 , pp. 231-240, digitized version (PDF; 786.91 KB) ( Memento from July 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Michael J. Everhart: New Data on Cranial Measurements and Body Length of the Mosasaur, Tylosaurus nepaeolicus (Squamata; Mosasauridae), from the Niobrara Formation of Western Kansas. In: Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Vol. 105, Vol. 1/2, 2002, ISSN 0022-8443 , pp. 33-43, doi : 10.1660 / 0022-8443 (2002) 105 [0033: NDOCMA] 2.0.CO; 2 .
- ↑ P. Jiménez-Huidobro, MW Caldwell, I. Paparella & TS Bullard: A new species of tylosaurine mosasaur from the upper Campanian Bearpaw Formation of Saskatchewan, Canada. In: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology , Online edition, 2018. doi : 10.1080 / 14772019.2018.1471744
- ↑ P. Jiménez-Huidobro, TR Simões & MW Caldwell: Re-characterization of Tylosaurus nepaeolicus (Cope, 1874) and Tylosaurus kansasensis Everhart, 2005: Ontogeny or sympatry? In: Cretaceous Research , Vol. 65, pp. 68–81, 2016. (digitized version )