Identification of lines and cables

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A marking of lines and cables with printed letters and number abbreviations is used to easily identify the type and purpose of the electrical line or the cable in the electrical installation .

There are different types of labeling: labeling according to national standards, different labeling schemes have been used in different countries, and labeling that is harmonized across Europe. The harmonized marking should actually replace the national standards quickly, but national markings are still common for some cable types.

Definition of the term cable / line

The terms cable and wire are often used synonymously .

Depending on the area of ​​application and subject area, a distinction is made between cables and wires according to various criteria:

  • Often cables are defined as insulated electrical conductors that are laid underground or under water. Lines are also insulated conductors, which, however, are used above ground. Overhead lines are a specialty in this scheme, as the electrical conductor has no solid insulation and instead the surrounding air serves as an insulator.
  • Alternatively, cables can also be viewed as a generic term, with lines being a special case as cables laid above ground.

In individual cases, the use of the terms cable and wire depends on the product standard to be applied.

Marking according to European standards

In 1976, CENELEC developed a harmonized system of abbreviations within Europe for the uniform identification of electrical lines and cables . The design and possible use such as the maximum permissible voltage can be read from the marking.

example

Example of a harmonized marking: H 07 RR - F 3 G 1.5

  • H = harmonized line
  • 07 = approved for 450 V voltage between outer conductor (L1, L2, L3) and protective earth (PE) and 750 V voltage between the outer conductor (L1, L2, L3)
  • R = insulation of the cores made of natural and synthetic rubber
  • R = sheath of the cable made of natural and synthetic rubber
  • F = finely stranded (flexible cable)
  • 3 = number of wires
  • G = with green-yellow protective conductor
  • 1.5 = conductor cross-section in mm 2

Type code

Identification of the destination

  • A: Recognized national type
  • H: Harmonized type
  • CH-N: Another national type (here: a Swiss type)

Rated voltage

  • 01: 100 V / 100 V
  • 03: 300 V / 300 V
  • 05: 300 V / 500 V
  • 07: 450 V / 750 V
  • 10: 600 V / 1000 V

The first voltage (U0) is the maximum permissible rms value between outer conductor and earth,
the second voltage (U) is the maximum permissible rms value between two outer conductors of the same line.
The rated voltage for DC voltage is therefore larger by a factor of the square root of 2 (approx. 1.4). H 07 it corresponds to about 635 VDC / 1060 VDC

Insulating material

  • B: Ethylene-propylene rubber for a continuous operating temperature of 90 ° C
  • G: ethylene vinyl acetate
  • J: Fiberglass braid
  • M: Mineral
  • N: polychloroprene rubber (or equivalent material)
  • N2: Special polychloroprene rubber mixture for sheaths of welding cables according to HD 22.6
  • N4: chlorosulfinated or chlorinated polyethylene
  • N8: Special polychloroprene rubber mixture, water-resistant
  • Q: polyurethane
  • Q4: polyamide
  • R: Ethylene propylene rubber or equivalent synthetic elastomer
  • S: silicone rubber, +180 ° C
  • T: Textile braiding over the stranded wires
  • T6: Textile braiding, over each individual core of a multi-core cable
  • V: PVC , +70 ° C
  • V2: PVC, heat-resistant, +90 ° C
  • V3: PVC, cold-resistant, −25 ° C
  • V4: PVC, cross-linked
  • V5: PVC, oil-resistant
  • Z: cross-linked polyolefin mixture for cables that develop little corrosive gases and little smoke in the event of fire
  • Z1: Thermoplastic polyolefin mixture for cables that develop little corrosive gases and little smoke in the event of fire

Construction elements (optional)

  • C: Concentric shield made of copper
  • C4: Copper shield as a braid over the wires
  • Q4: Additional polyamide core sheath
  • T: Additional textile braid over stranded wires
  • T6: Additional textile braid over a single wire
  • H: flat, divisible cable
  • H2: flat, non-divisible line
  • H6: flat cable according to EN 50214 (flat PVC-sheathed control cables) with 3 or more wires
  • H7: Cable with extruded two-layer insulating sleeve
  • H8: helical cable

Sheath material

as with insulating material , plus:

  • J: fiberglass braid
  • N4: chloroprene rubber, heat-resistant
  • Q: polyurethane
  • T: textile fabric
  • T2: textile braid, flame retardant

Construction type (optional)

  • D3: strain relief elements
  • D5: core inlet (no support element)
  • FM: communication wires in power lines
  • H: flat, dividable cable (twin cable)
  • H2: flat, non-divisible cable (two-core sheathed cable)
  • H6: flat, non-divisible cable (multi-core or multi-core sheathed cable)
  • H7: Two-layer insulating cover
  • H8: helical cable

Conductor material

  • unmarked: copper
  • A: aluminum

Ladder type

Follows the hyphen in the name

  • D: finely stranded, for welding cables
  • E: finely stranded, for welding cables
  • F: finely stranded, cables flexible
  • H: finely stranded
  • K: finely stranded, for cables for fixed installation
  • R: stranded, round
  • U: solid, round
  • Y: Lahnlitze (ladder made of metal mesh around carrier thread for high mechanical stress)

Number of cores

  • Number = number of wires present in total

Protective conductor

  • G: with green-yellow protective conductor
  • X: without green-yellow protective conductor

Wire cross-section

  • Number = wire cross-section in mm 2

Frequently used cable types

Rubber hose lines

Rubber hose line H07RN-F 5G6 separated and prepared with wire end sleeves for the connection of a CEE plug connection
  • H05RR-F for low mechanical loads, not for outdoor use
  • H05RN-F for low mechanical load, oil-resistant, also for permanent outdoor use with a rated voltage of 500 V (conductor to conductor; 300 V to earth)
  • H07RN-F for high mechanical loads, also for permanent use outdoors with a rated voltage of 750 V (conductor to conductor; 450 V to earth)

Plastic hose line

  • H03-VV-F PVC hose line for low mechanical stress
  • H05-VV-F PVC hose line for medium mechanical stress
  • H05-V2V2-F heat-resistant PVC hose line for medium use

Norms

At the European level, the system for the abbreviations of insulated cables is specified in HD 361 S3: 1999 + A1: 2006. In Germany, the HD 361 S3 is implemented in the DIN VDE 0292: 2007-05 system for type codes of insulated cables .

Marking according to German standards

The first letter of the marking is an "N", which means that it is a standard line . The design abbreviation is obtained by adding further letters. The sequence of the abbreviations indicates the structure of the cable from the inside, starting from the conductor (wire), to the outside.

example

NYM-J 3x1.5 cable

Example of a cable designation according to national standards: NYM-J 3x1.5

  • N = standards management
  • Y = insulation of the cores made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
  • M = sheathed cable
  • -J = with green-yellow protective conductor
  • 3 = number of wires
  • x = "times"
  • 1.5 = conductor cross-section in mm 2

Type code

The individual abbreviations mean:

1. Block for lines

  • A: core, aluminum sheath, aluminum core (Al)
  • B: lead-sheathed wire
  • C: concentric conductors (shielded)
  • D: Triple lead
  • F: finely stranded, socket, flat cable
  • G: rubber cover, 2-G silicone rubber (with increased heat resistance)
  • H: Cover (braided shield for shielding purposes, can be used for handheld devices, e.g. drills)
  • I: laying in plaster
  • (J) Addition for multi-core cables with green-yellow-colored protective conductor
  • K: corrosion protection
  • L: for light mechanical loads (e.g. fluorescent tubes)
  • M: jacket, medium mechanical stress
  • N: Standardized line
  • (O): Addition for multi-core cables without a green-yellow-colored protective conductor
  • ö: oil-resistant
  • P: paper wrapping
  • R: tubular wire, crimped tubular casing, grooved casing
  • S: Cord, canvas cover, for heavy mechanical loads
  • T: hawser
  • U: wrapping
  • u: non-flammable or flame-retardant
  • V: wiring line
  • v: resistant to torsional stress
  • W: weatherproof
  • Y: plastic insulation (thermoplastics such as PVC)
  • Z: zinc coating, twin wire, strain relief

1. Block for cables

  • A: after N: Al conductor, at the end: outer shell made of jute
  • B: steel band reinforcement
  • C: concentric conductor or shield made of copper wires or strips
  • CW: concentric conductor made of copper, applied in waves
  • CE: single core shielding
  • D: Pressure bandage made from metal strips
  • E: to N: single core shielding, at the end: protective cover made of plastic tape
  • Q: Flat wire reinforcement
  • fl: flame retardant
  • Gb: steel strip counter helix, formerly also pit cable
  • H: High-voltage cable with metallized shielding of the individual cores ( Höchstädter cable )
  • K: lead sheathed cable
  • L: smooth aluminum jacket
  • N: cable according to standard
  • O: open steel wire reinforcement
  • Ö: oil cable
  • Q: Braiding made of galvanized steel wire
  • R: Round wire reinforcement, anti-rust paint
  • S: Copper screen (> = 6 mm²) for the purpose of protection against contact or for the transmission of fault currents
  • SE: instead of H; analogous to S, but for multi-core cables; then for each wire
  • (ST), also (St): shielding by a foil coated with a metal layer
  • u: non-magnetizable
  • WK: steel shaft jacket
  • W: copper shaft jacket
  • w: heat resistant
  • 2X: insulation made of cross-linked polyethylene (VPE)
  • Y: PVC insulation or sheath
  • 2Y: insulation or sheath made of thermoplastic polyethylene (PE)
  • 4Y: Polyamide (nylon) insulation
  • 12Y: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) insulation
  • 4G: insulation made from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)

2nd block: conductor cross-section

  • Number = number of wires
  • x = "times"; G = "times", but one of them as a protective conductor; X = "times", but without a protective conductor
  • Number = wire cross-section in mm 2
  • Variants: the specification "4G4" codes 4 cores of 4 mm 2 each , one core green / yellow. “4X4” means 4 wires of 4 mm 2 each without green / yellow wire. 3x2.5 mm 2 , e.g. B. NYM-J 3x2.5 means 3 cores of 2.5 mm 2 , whereby an existing protective conductor is represented by a subsequent -J or -O: H-YSLY-OZ 7x1.5: 7 cores, no PE, NYCWY -J 4x25 / 16: 4 cores of 25 mm 2 with PE 16 mm 2
  • There are cross-sections with 0.5 mm 2 , 0.75 mm 2 , 1 mm 2 , 1.5 mm 2 , 2.5 mm 2 , 4 mm 2 , 6 mm 2 , 10 mm 2 , 16 mm 2 , 25 mm 2 , 35mm 2 , 50mm 2 , 70mm 2 , 95mm 2 , 120mm 2 , 150mm 2 , 185mm 2 , 240mm 2 , 300mm 2 , 400mm 2 , 500mm 2 . In addition, cores of 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm are used in communications technology, whereby these details represent approximate values ​​of the conductor diameter, i.e. no cross-sections.

3rd block: ladder construction

  • RE: solid round conductor
  • RF: fine-stranded round conductor
  • RM: multi-wire round conductor
  • SE: solid sector leader
  • SM: stranded sector leader

4th block: protective conductor

  • -J: The wire has a wire marked green and yellow
  • -O: The line does not have a wire marked green and yellow

Frequently used cable types

Stub line

NYIF-J 5x1.5 mm² ribbon cable
  • NYIF-J (only permitted in dry rooms)
  • NYIF-O (only permitted in dry rooms)

Installation line for telecommunications

  • JY (St) Y-2x2x0.6 (internal telecommunication cable, does not correspond to performance category 3 (CAT 3) due to incorrect impedance)

J: Installation
cable Y: Conductor insulation made of PVC
St: Electrostatic screen (metal tape, also plastic- laminated )
Y: Sheath / protective sleeve made of PVC
2x2x0.6: 2 pairs in star quad distribution with a conductor diameter of 0.6 mm

Rubber hose lines

  • NSSHöu-O for very high mechanical loads
  • NSSHöu-J for very high mechanical loads

electric wire

PVC underground cable with aluminum conductors NAYY
  • NYY-J: underground cable with insulation and protective sheath made of PVC
  • NYCY: PVC underground cable , structure as NYY, but with concentric, coiled copper conductor and transverse helix
  • NYCWY: PVC underground cable, structure like NYY, but with a concentric, wave-shaped (also ceander-shaped, ie with alternating lay directions) copper conductor and transverse helix
  • NAYY: PVC underground cable with aluminum conductors for building installation and permanent installation

Sheathed cable

  • NYM-J standard sheathed cable, plastic-insulated with protective conductor
  • NYM-O standard sheathed cable, plastic-insulated without protective conductor
  • NYM (ST) -J standard sheathed cable, plastic-insulated with foil shielding and protective conductor
  • NHXMH (halogen-free installation cable with improved behavior in the event of fire, but problematic due to sensitivity to UV radiation when used as a connection cable for fluorescent tubes)

Short-circuit proof wire

  • NSGAFöu Flexible single core rubber cable with 1.8 / 3 kV nominal voltage

Suitable for use as a connection between distribution circuits and downstream overcurrent protection devices. In accordance with DIN VDE 0100-520: 2013-06 section 521.11, installation that is earth-fault and short-circuit-proof is required, which can be achieved with NSGAFÖU cables with flame-retardant insulation according to VDE 0250-602 up to a length of 3 m.

Norms

In Germany, the abbreviations for harmonized cables are standardized in

  • DIN VDE 0292 system for type codes of insulated cables
  • DIN VDE 0293-308 Identification of the cores of cables / lines and flexible lines with colors
  • Abbreviations for national standard cables are given in DIN 57250-1 VDE 0250-1: 1981-10 Insulated Power Lines .
  • DIN VDE 0281 series of standards for PVC-insulated cables
  • DIN VDE 0282 series of standards for rubber-insulated cables

Marking according to Austrian standards

Traditional symbols and harmonized symbols are used in Austria.

Type code

  • E power line
  • F communication line
  • Y PVC insulation
  • G rubber insulation
  • S silicone insulation
  • A aluminum ladder
  • e solid
  • m stranded
  • f finely stranded
  • ff finely stranded
  • u flame retardant
  • v Tinned conductor
  • ö oil resistant
  • fl flat design
  • . Weatherproof
  • .By twin line
  • .M sheathed cable
  • ..L light version
  • ..S heavy version
  • ..T with suspension cable
  • ..C concentric conductor or shield
  • ..BM fire alarm cable
  • - O without protective conductor
  • - J with protective conductor
  • - JN with protective conductor, without blue neutral conductor

Examples

  • GSuf is a heat-resistant silicone rubber core cable (H05SJ-K)
  • NYM-O 3x1.5 is a PVC sheathed cable without a protective conductor (A05VV-U3x1.5)
  • E-A2YY-J 4x16 nm; E = power cable, A = aluminum conductor, 2Y = polyethylene, Y = PVC jacket, J = with yellow-green conductor, sm = multi-wire sector conductor

Norms

The national Austrian abbreviations can be found in ÖVE K20, K23, K24, K25 and K26.

Combined lines

Combined lines are also known in automation technology. They are used, for example, to control servomotors or to read out their encoder systems.

example

(4x (2x1.5) C + 2x0.75) C

This cable contains four wire pairs shielded with a braided shield with a cross section of 1.5 mm², an unshielded wire pair with a cross section of 0.75 mm² as well as a braided shield as the overall shield.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. German Copper Institute , queried on November 28, 2011
  2. Not included in HD 361 S3 and VDE 0292
  3. H05RN-F, flexible rubber cable, HAR 300 / 500V, class 5, oil-resistant, flame-retardant - www.lappkabel.de. Retrieved March 7, 2018 .
  4. | Characteristic impedance (impedance) of telephone pairs, note on Cat 3 , accessed on July 19, 2020] [1]
  5. H.-J. Slischka: Damage to halogen-free sheathed cable NHXMH, necessary measures for personal and fire protection , Elektropraktiker, Berlin 67 (2013)