Abbreviations in cable technology

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Abbreviations in cable technology are printed on electrical lines as letters and numbers . The purpose of this article is to illustrate some basic abbreviations and their meanings.

Definition of terms

The terms cable and wire are often used synonymously .

Depending on the area of ​​application and subject area, a distinction is made between cables and wires according to various criteria:

  • Often cables are defined as insulated electrical conductors that are laid underground or under water. Lines are also insulated conductors, which, however, are used above ground. Overhead lines are a specialty in this scheme, as the electrical conductor has no solid insulation and instead the surrounding air serves as an insulator.
  • Alternatively, cables can also be viewed as a generic term, with lines being a special case as cables laid above ground.

In individual cases, the use of the terms cable and wire is based on the applicable national or supra-regional production standard. In Germany, the production takes place according to the guidelines of the VDE or the higher-level European organizations.

Lines according to international standards are standardized by HAR.

Cable types

A rough distinction is made between the following cable types: According to function:

  1. Power cable
  2. Data lines
  3. Control lines
  4. Combination or hybrid cables

According to location

  1. Outdoor cable (installation and use outdoors)
  2. Underground cable (laying and use in the ground / ground)
  3. Indoor line (installation and use in rooms)
    • normal use e.g. B. Laying cable in apartments, extensions.
    • special applications, e.g. B. aggressive environments (chemical plant), halogen-free lines (fire hazard), EX-protected installation (gas works).
  4. Heat / cold resistant line (heating furnace, arctic)
  5. Offshore cables (laying in sea water and coastal regions)
  6. Ship cables (especially for sea and naval vessels)

According to construction:

  1. Shielded
    • individually
    • paired
    • double
    • triple
    • total
  2. Unshielded
  3. Reinforced (reinforcement does not count as a shield)

The deployment functions are now assigned to the individual deployment locations and the construction is then also determined, which is then coded by the letters and numbers. The difference from cable to line is not generally clarified, in general, cables are referred to as robust structures that can be laid outdoors, while cables are those structures that are laid inside buildings.

Cable structure

Cables should transmit electrical or optical signals, for this they need a conductor (electrically conductive material, usually electrolytic copper), which in turn should be insulated. Insulated so that the electrical current can flow undisturbed without leaving the conductor and therefore not becoming dangerous. This combination is called a vein. In contrast to this, plastics or glass fibers are used for optical cores, which transmit optical signals, but whose electrical conductivity is practically non-existent. These also consist of the core and are “optically” insulated with plastic or paint - these are not dealt with here. Several cores that are stranded together then form the stranded network. This bundle is then surrounded with a jacket that is intended to protect the composite and hold it together. Special constructions and also the use of different materials determine the purpose of a complete line afterwards.

Reading the designations

The designation on the cable is intended to express the construction. Therefore, such a designation basically consists of 3 blocks:

  1. Type / construction (with standardization)
  2. Dimensions (number of cores + cross section)
  3. Standards and additional designations

Example:
H05VVF 3G1.5 CE means:
Harmonized cable, plastic- insulated , 3 wires 1.5 mm² with green / yellow protective conductor, CE certified.
The construction is always described from the inside to the outside: H (for HAR = harmonized cable) 05 (500 V) V (PVC core insulation) V (PVC jacket) Dimensions and number of cores are always combined in a block.
Difficult example:
Combination
cables are also shown: LiYC11Y 3G1.5 + Li12Y (2x2x0.25) means:
Here is a combination of 3 wires 1.5 mm², PVC-insulated and one of them green-yellow together with a braided-shielded bundle of 2 paired wires 0 , 25 mm², which are TPE-insulated, combined in one cable, which also has an overall screen and is provided with an outer sheath made of PUR .

Abbreviations

There are different standards for cables and thus also different abbreviations. Although the standardization has now been established throughout Europe, there are still types that are identical in construction abroad and have completely different names. As a basic rule, you can use the first letter of the designation, which usually defines the standardization and thus the coding according to which the line is structured.

Abbreviation for standardization

Abbr. standard description
H HAR harmonized cable (DIN VDE 0281 / DIN VDE 0282 / DIN VDE 0292)
(H) HAR based on the harmonization, valid according to VDE
A. HAR nationally recognized, based on harmonization, valid according to VDE
X HAR Special type according to HAR
N VDE National standard according to VDE
A. (VDE) National standard (VDE) that was not included in the harmonization
OR:
A. (DIN) Outdoor cable according to national standard
(N) (VDE) Special type based on the VDE, but not listed by name
X (VDE) Special type based on the VDE

Abbreviation for the voltage classes

Abbr. standard description
01 HAR (low voltage) 100V
03 HAR (Low voltage) 300V / 300V
05 HAR (Low voltage) 300V / 500V
07 HAR (Low voltage) 450V / 750V
0.6 / 1kV VDE (Low voltage) 600V / 1000V
xxkV VDE Medium voltage range from 1000V (1kV) to 36000V (36kV)

Abbreviations for wires and insulation

Veins

Core structure

Basically, there are three different structures for the wires, i.e. the part of the line that conducts the current:

  • massive ladder
  • Sector pressed ladder
  • Stranded conductor

These ladder structures are divided into classes, from class 1 to class 6 according to DIN VDE 0295 or IEC 60228 and CENELEC HD 383 S2:

Ladder class Abbreviation description
1 * solid conductor structure, round
2 * multi-wire conductor structure, round and sector-shaped
3 k. A.
4th k. A.
5 * finely stranded stranded conductors
6th * finely stranded stranded conductors (columns 4 to 6)

In addition, there are American Wire Gauge (AWG) structures, which are mainly used in lines according to North American standards, especially in UL or UL / CSA approved lines. These are used in Europe especially in mechanical engineering and in devices which z. B. exported to the USA in order to meet the local standards.

  • = Abbreviations according to the following list
  1. According to DIN
    1. Control lines / signal lines
      • Li stranded wire
      • LiF finely stranded stranded conductor
    2. Power cables
      • RE round single wire (solid wire)
      • RM round, stranded (pressed)
      • SM sector-shaped pressed
      • C Concentric conductor made of Cu, longitudinally laid
      • CW Concentric conductor made of Cu, wave-shaped
      • CE concentric conductor made of Cu per single core
  2. According to HAR
      • D Finely stranded, for welding cables
      • E Fine (st) stranded, for welding cables
      • H Fine (st) stranded with flexible cables
      • K Fine-stranded for cables for fixed installation
      • R stranded, round, class 2
      • U Solid, round, class 1
  3. Others
      • F flexible - finely stranded with flexible cables
      • HF highly flexible
      • M Milliken Head
      • Z Head of special shape and / or special material
      • S stranded sector conductor
      • W solid sector conductor
      • Y Lahnlitze , DIN 47104
Color code of the wires
HAR DIN description
G J with green / yellow protective conductor
X O without green / yellow protective conductor
Z black wires with printed numbers
B. colorful veins after vorg. Color code (usually according to DIN47100)

Insulation materials

according to VDE 0207 or DIN 76722

DIN / VDE HAR character description
Veins coat
Y V V PVC Polyvinyl chloride
Yw V2 V2 PVC heat-resistant PVC (+90 ° C or +105 ° C)
Yk: V3 V3 PVC cold-resistant PVC (−40 ° C)
2Y E. PE Polyethylene as LDPE or HDPE (Low / High Density)
X V4 V4 xPVC cross-linked PVC
Yo V5 ÖPVC oil-resistant PVC
3Y Q3 Q3 PS Polystyrene
4Y Q4 Q4 PA polyamide
5Y E4 PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene such. B. Teflon®
6Y E5 FEP Perfluoroethylene propylene
7Y E6 ETFE Ethylene tetraflourethylene such as e.g. B. Tefzel®
9Y E7 PP Polypropylene
10Y Q6 PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride such. B. Kynar® or Dyflor®
11Y Q PURE Polyurethane
12Y TPE-E Polyester elastomer
13Y TPE Polyether elastomer
17Y TPE-S Styrene-ethenobutene-styrene copolyomer
18Y TPE-O Polyolefin elastomer
31Y TPE-S Polystyrene elastomer
41Y TPE-A Polyamide elastomer
91Y TPE-O Polyolefin elastomer
G R. R. NR / SBR Natural rubber , styrene-butadiene rubber (rubber)
2G S. S. SIR Silicone rubber
GL J Glass fiber braid (silicone varnish)
T T Textile braid
T T2..T6 Textile braid and layers, from taping to fire-retardant impregnated
3G B. B. EPR Ethylene propylene polymer
4G G B2 EVA Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
5G N2 N CR Polychloroprene mixture
N2 CR Polychloroprene mixture for welding cables
N4 CR Polychloroprene mixture, heat-resistant
N8 Special polychloroprene mixture, water-resistant
6G N4 CSM Chlorosulfonated polyethylene blend e.g. B. Hypalon ®
7G N6 N6 FKM Fluoroelastomer e.g. B. Viton ®
N7 PVN PVC - nitrile rubber mixture
2X Z X PU cross-linked polyethylene
H Z1 XPE [non-crosslinked halogen-free polymer mixture]
HX HXPE [cross-linked halogen-free polymer mixture]

Shielding and armoring

  • Shielding is called an electrically conductive enclosure around a core / stranded connection with the aim of avoiding or intercepting electrical interference fields.
  • Armoring is the name given to an enclosure around a core / stranded composite or an entire cable with the aim of protecting it from mechanical and / or chemical influences.
Abbr. construction description properties
C. Braid made of copper wires Conductive copper wires that are braided and, depending on the braiding density, achieve an optical coverage of 70–85%. Line remains flexible and can be used without restriction of the electrical. Shield can be moved in any direction.
S. Braid made of steel wires Conductive steel wires that are braided and, depending on the braiding density, achieve an optical coverage of 70–85%. Can be used both as mechanical protection and as a shield - but here more against magnetic than electromagnetic fields.
D. Laying with parallel copper wires Spiral wrapping with parallel copper wires, which enables an optical coverage of almost 100% Very flexible. The high shielding rate only applies when the cable is not moved or is only slightly moved.
F or (ST) Copper or aluminum fumed foil A plastic film is vaporized with aluminum or copper, which enables almost 100% electrical shielding Inflexible, but the best electrical properties - mainly used in data lines and network lines

In addition to the above, there are a number of other armoring options that are used in the field of signal and railway cables:

  1. Steel band reinforcement
  2. Aluminum band hinge
  3. Lead sheath
  4. Non-metallic rodent protection - e.g. B. Kevlar fibers.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German Copper Institute , queried on November 28, 2011
  2. ↑ Electrical lines. (PDF; 5.6 MB) Karl Schupp AG, p. 13 , accessed on May 8, 2012 .