U-5TS
| U-5TS | |
|---|---|
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| General Information | |
| Military designation: | 2A20 |
| Manufacturer designation: | U-5TS |
| Manufacturer country: | Soviet Union |
| Developer / Manufacturer: | Fyodor Petrov / Artillery Plant No. 9 |
| Development year: | 1958 |
| Production time: | 1959 to 1983 |
| Model variants: | 2A21 |
| Weapon Category: | cannon |
| Technical specifications | |
| Pipe length: | 5700 mm |
| Caliber : |
115 mm |
| Caliber length : | L / 49.5 |
| Number of trains : | 0 |
| Twist : | 0 |
| Weight ready for use: | 2350 kg |
| Cadence : | 4-8 rounds / min |
| Elevation range: | −6 - +16.5 degrees |
| Side straightening area: | 360 ° |
The U-5TS is a Soviet combat vehicle cannon with a caliber of 115 mm. It is the main weapon of the T-62 main battle tank and the first version of the T-64 . The GRAU index is 2A20 or 2A21 for the T-64.
development
D-54TS
At the beginning of the 1950s it was already clear in the Soviet Union that the D-10T of the T-55 had to be increased in performance in order to keep up with international developments. Therefore, a further development of the D-10T, the D-54TS, was designed in the design office No. 9. This was also a 100 mm caliber draw barrel cannon. Compared to the D-10T, the D-54TS had a 30% higher muzzle energy. This was mainly achieved by using other ammunition with a larger propellant charge, for which the cannon had to be fitted with a muzzle brake , which led to dust development when firing and thus hindered subsequent shots. A muzzle velocity of 1015 m / s was already achieved with the full-caliber armored shell , and even 1500 m / s with the sub-caliber bullet, the penetration rate was up to 310 mm RHA . Other features of the new cannon were a smoke evacuator and a device that ejected the cases from the turret. Another disadvantage was that the cannon had to be made either heavier or from expensive special steel due to the increased pressure inside the barrel. A greater weight restricts the work of the stabilizer. Since this cannon required major structural changes to the T-55, this was further developed (Object 165).
U-5TS
The rifled 100 mm anti-tank gun T-12 with smooth barrel had been in the Soviet Army since 1955 . It had a superior penetration performance and should be scaffolded into the T-55 at the request of the party and state leadership. However, this was not possible for technical reasons - the base and the ammunition were too large. In addition, the pipe length would have overwhelmed the stabilizer. So a combination of a larger caliber diameter and shorter cartridge case length was designed, which provided comparable performance. In order to be able to use the preparatory work with the D-54TS, which was already integrated into the tower of Object 165, the D-54TS was used as the starting point for the development of the U-5TS. The rifles were removed, resulting in a caliber of 115 mm. The muzzle brake could be omitted. The resulting prototype was the Object 166.
description
2A20 / T-62
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The U-5TS is a semi-automatic cannon in 115 mm caliber. The term "semi-automatic cannon" here simply refers to the fact that no continuous fire mode is available, while otherwise in artillery this term is usually used for guns that automatically eject the cartridge / case after firing and cock the firing device during the next shot must be loaded manually. It is fully stabilized and consists of the assemblies tube with ejector , base piece with closure as well as tube cradle, return device and firing device. The smooth tube has a length of 49.5 calibers and is screwed to the bottom piece. The cannon is stored in a cradle and equipped with a flat wedge lock.
Closure assembly and cradle correspond to the assemblies of the D-10T 2S, but are more voluminous. The pipe return device is installed under the base piece, the pipe retractor is on the left and the return brake on the right. This asymmetrical arrangement is disadvantageous for the shooting precision and was changed in later Soviet tank cannons.
From the beginning, the cannon had a smoke evacuator, which had been standard in Soviet tank construction since the D-10T.
When using APFSDS ammunition, the gun barrel of the 2A20 has a service life of around 200 rounds before the precision drops significantly. If high explosive or shaped charge grenades are used exclusively, which are fired with a significantly lower internal pressure, the service life is around 450 rounds and around 300 rounds for a HE / APFSDS mix typical for tanks.
The straightening drives are of an electro-hydraulic design.
In 1962 the T-62 was subjected to an upgrade and was given the designation "T-62M". The most important change to the cannon was the use of a protective tube cover , as it was known from the 2A46 , in order to keep the ballistic performance within narrow parameters even with temperature differences. Other changes that affected the cannon were the installation of the improved stabilizer Meteor-M1 and the fire control system "Wolna".
2A21 / T-64
The 2A20 was modified for the T-64. The main changes concerned the bottom piece with the breech, which was adapted to the T-64's automatic loader and its two-part ammunition.
Technical specifications
| caliber | 115 mm |
| Length of tube with base piece | 6050 mm |
| Length of tube without base piece | 5700 mm (L / 49.5) |
| Shooting range | 3000 (effective) |
| Internal pipe pressure (APFSDS, max.) | 366 MPa |
| Weight with lock | 2350 kg |
| Return pipe | normal 350-415 mm |
| Rate of fire | 4-8 / min |
variants
| designation | GRAY index | year | use | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U-5TS | 2A20 | 1959 | T-62 | |
| D-68 | 2A21 | 1969 | T-64 (Object 432) | split ammunition |
ammunition
The ammunition of the U-5TS is cartridged. After the shot, the empty case is caught by the case catcher and ejected into the open through a small hatch on the rear wall of the turret.
The BM-3 balancing projectile was a world first: it was the first sub-caliber balancing projectile with wing stabilization of a standard tank cannon.
The armor-piercing types of ammunition such as massive and hollow charge projectiles were repeatedly revised and modernized or supplemented or replaced by newer designs. Basically, the types of ammunition for the U-5TS cannon are ballistic projectiles, hollow charges, fragmentation explosions and tubular rockets.
| designation | Caliber (penetrator for APFDS-DS) |
cannon | Initial speed (in m / s) |
Penetration power 90 ° / distance (in mm RHA ) |
comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BM-3 (balancing bullet, wing stabilized; APDS-FS) | 42 | U-5TS | 1650 | n / A | Steel body with embedded 32mm tungsten tetrator and ballistic hood |
| BM-4 (balancing bullet, wing stabilized; APDS-FS) | 42 | U-5TS | 1650 | n / A | Steel monoblock penetrator with ballistic hood |
| BM-5 (balancing bullet, wing stabilized; APDS-FS) | 44 | D-68 | 1680 | 250/1000 | BM-4 variant, shared charge |
| BM-6 | 42 | U-5TS | 1680 | Steel monoblock penetrator with ballistic hood | |
| BM-6W (balancing bullet, wing stabilized; APDS-FS) | 42 | U-5TS | 1680 | Steel monoblock penetrator with ballistic hood cap | |
| BM-21 (balancing bullet, wing stabilized; APDS-FS) | 37 | U-5TS | 1600 | Steel body with embedded tungsten tetrator | |
| BM-28 | 39 | 1650 | Monoblock penetrator made of uranium | ||
| BK-4 (shaped charge, wing stabilized; HEAT-FS) | 115 | 900 | Shaped charge, steel insert, piezoelectric igniter | ||
| BK-4M (shaped charge, wing stabilized; HEAT-FS) | 115 | U-5TS | 900 | 440 / independent | Shaped charge, copper inlay |
| BK-8 (shaped charge, wing stabilized; HEAT-FS) | 115 | D-68 | 900 | 360 / independent | Hollow charge, steel insert (BK-4 variant, split charge) |
| BK-8M (shaped charge, wing stabilized; HEAT-FS) | 115 | D-68 | 900 | 450 / independent | Shaped charge, copper insert (BK-4 variant, split charge) |
| BK-15 (shaped charge, wing stabilized; HEAT-FS) | 115 | U-5TS | 1060 | Shaped charge, copper inlay | |
| BK-15M (shaped charge, wing stabilized; HEAT-FS) | 115 | U-5TS | 1060 | Shaped charge, copper inlay | |
| OF-11 (fragmentation high-explosive grenade, wing stabilized; HE-FRAG) | 115 | U-5TS | 905 | ||
| OF-17 (fragmentation explosive device, wing stabilized; HE-FRAG) | 115 | D-68 | 905 | OF-11 variant, shared charge | |
| OF-18 (fragmentation high-explosive grenade, wing stabilized; HE-FRAG) | 115 | U-5TS | 750 | ||
| OF-27 (fragmentation high-explosive grenade, wing stabilized; HE-FRAG) | 115 | U-5TS | 800 | ||
| 9M117 (guided tube rocket , shaped charge) | 115 | U-5TS | 550-600 / independent | Modernization at the beginning of the 1980s, requires the 9K116-2 “Scheksna” guided missile system to be installed; Range: 3000 | |
| 9M117M "Kan" (guided tube rocket , tandem shaped charge) | 115 | U-5TS | 500-550 / 4000 | Modernization at the beginning of the 1980s, requires the installation of the guided missile system 9K116-2 "Scheksna" | |
| 9M117M1 "Arkan" (guided tubular rocket , tandem shaped charge) | 115 | U-5TS | 550-650 / 5000 | Modernization at the beginning of the 1980s, requires the installation of the guided missile system 9K116-2 "Scheksna" |
Web links
literature
- AW Karpenko: Soviet-Russian tanks . 1905-2003. Elbe-Dnjepr, Klitzschen 2004, ISBN 3-933395-44-5 , p. 310–326 (Russian: Обозрение отечественной бронетанковой техники (1905–1995 гг.) . Translated by R. Meier).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Stefan Kotsch: 115 mm U-5TS. The Russian U-5TS tank cannon (U-5TS / 2A20 or D-68 / 2A21 cannon). In: Main battle tanks in detail. Retrieved February 6, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Like the T-62 came to his 115mm cannon? aw.my.com, accessed February 6, 2019 .
- ↑ Особое конструкторское бюро №9. (No longer available online.) Www.zavod9.com, archived from the original on July 29, 2012 ; Retrieved February 6, 2019 (Russian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Tankograd: T-62. thesovietarmourblog.blogspot.com, accessed February 6, 2019 .
- ↑ From the T-54 to the T-90 - History of Soviet tank construction. In: Main battle tanks in detail. www.kotsch88.de, accessed on February 6, 2019 .
- ↑ This story, which is rumored again and again, cannot entirely correspond to the truth. Rather, it can be assumed that a new, smooth barrel was developed based on the barrel of the D-54TS, while the bottom piece and the breech block were adapted to the new ammunition. It can also be assumed that the cartridge case of the 115 mm version was based on the already developed 100 mm case of the D-54TS ammunition.
- ↑ Main battle tanks in detail - From the T-54 to the T-72 - History of Soviet tank construction. www.kotsch88.de, accessed on February 7, 2019 .
- ↑ VOLNA fire control system of the T-55AM and T-62M. In: Main battle tanks in detail. www.kotsch88.de, accessed on February 7, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c Stefan Kotsch: 115 mm U-5TS. The ammunition of the 115 mm U-5TS / 2A20 tank cannon. In: Main battle tanks in detail. Retrieved February 6, 2019 .
- ^ Army Guide. www.army-guide.com, accessed on February 6, 2019 (English).
- ↑ Боеприпасы к 115-мм гладкоствольной танковой пушке У-5ТС (2А20). soviet-ammo.ucoz.ru, accessed February 6, 2019 (Russian).
- ↑ Боеприпасы к 115-мм гладкоствольной танковой пушке Д-68 (2А21). soviet-ammo.ucoz.ru, accessed February 6, 2019 (Russian).
