Urate exchanger 1
| Urate exchanger 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 553 amino acids | |
| Secondary to quaternary structure | multipass membrane protein | |
| Isoforms | 2 | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | SLC22A12 ; OAT4L; RST; URAT1 | |
| External IDs | ||
| Transporter classification | ||
| TCDB | 2.A.1.19.11 | |
| designation | Major Facilitator Superfamily / Organic Cation Transporter (OCT) | |
The urate exchanger 1 (URAT1) encoded by the gene SLC22A12 , a uric acid - transport protein in the kidneys of animals that regulates the levels of uric acid in the blood. URAT1 is the target of drugs that lower the uric acid level in the blood by inhibiting uric acid reabsorption in the kidneys ( uricosuric agents ).
URAT1 belongs to the superfamily of transport proteins for organic anions ( Organic Anion Transporter , abbreviated as OAT) and consists of 555 amino acids with 12 transmembrane domains and intracellular amino and carboxyl terminus. URAT1 is mainly expressed in the apical membrane of the proximal tubular cells and transports uric acid in exchange for organic anions from the primary urine into the tubular cells. At the basolateral membrane, uric acid is transported into the capillaries by the organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 . URAT1 could also be detected in the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells .
People with a genetic defect in SLC22A12 develop idiopathic renal hypouricemia . In this disease, the uric acid levels in the blood are low. The excretion of uric acid in the urine is increased and uric acid crystals are deposited in the kidneys. During intense physical exertion, the increased accumulation of uric acid in the muscles can lead to acute kidney failure . Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a rare disease. The prevalence is 0.12% in most populations , but it is more common in Japanese and Iraqi Jews.
swell
- ↑ Transport Classification Database SLC22A12
- ↑ KL Price et al .: Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Express a Urate Transporter . In: J Am Soc Nephrol . 2006 17: 1791-1795