Uigwe

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cheoyongmu (The Dance of Cheoyong) described in the book "Wonhaeng Eulmyo Jeongri Uigwe"

The Uigwe ( Korean : 의궤 ) is a collection of official records and documents relating to events and ceremonies of royal families during the Joseon Dynasty ( 조선 왕조 ) (1392-1910) in Korea .

collection

The collection consists of 3895 individual books, which are sorted by time and subject and, in addition to written records, also contain many pictures and drawings. As an example, there is a representation in the works that shows King Jeongjo ( bei ) visiting the royal tomb of his father. The celebration of this event was depicted in different scenes on a paper with a length of 15.4 meters.

Of the 3895 works of the Uigwe, 2940 copies of the Kyujanggak Library ( 규장각 ), founded in 1776, are kept and maintained in today's Institute for Korean Studies at Seoul National University . Another 490 volumes are in the care of the Jangseogak Library ( 장서각 ), founded in 1918, whose works are now handled by the Academy of Korean Studies .

history

With the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty by King Taejo ( 태조 ) (1335–1408) in 1392, important events at court began to be recorded for posterity. From 1474, the records were systematized under King Seongjong ( 성종 ) (1457-1494) and divided into five categories, which Gukjo Oryeui ( 국조 오례 의 ) was called and can be translated as "five rites of the state". The rituals were classified as follows: In the Gilrye ( 吉 禮 ) rites were described that were intended for the spirit or soul and usually also included worshiping the dead. The Garye ( 嘉禮 ) recorded ceremonies held between people, including weddings and relationships with China , while the Binrye ( 賓 禮 ) documented official banquets to receive diplomatic missions. The Gunrye ( 軍禮 ) described events of royal archery and in the Hyungrye ( 凶禮 ) the scribes documented funerals in detail. But these records of the early phase of the Joseon Dynasty during the Imjin War (1592–1598) were destroyed by fire by the Japanese invaders under the command of Toyotomi Hideyoshi ( 豊 臣 秀吉 ).

The works that are still preserved and available today date from the 17th to 20th centuries. In 1776, King Jeongjo ( 정조 ) (1752–1800) had the Gyujanggak Library ( 규장각 ) built in the Changdeokgung Palace ( 창덕궁 ) , in which the available works of the Uigwe were archived. However, Jeongjo found that the location was unsuitable for the important plants in the country's capital and that there was a risk of repeated destruction. For example, he had the Oegyujanggak ( 외 Bibliothek ) royal library built on Ganghwado Island ( wo ) , where the works of the Uigwe were saved, among other things.

When France attacked Ganghwado Island in retaliation for the execution of seven Catholic missionaries in 1866 , French soldiers looted the library on the island and stole some of the Uigwe's works, among other things. 297 books from the collection ended up in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library).

During the Japanese occupation of Korea (1905–1945), 167 Uigwe works were brought to Japan . Only in 2011 was the Japanese government ready to return the works to South Korea . In the same year France returned the stolen works, albeit formally as a loan.

World document heritage

In 2007, UNESCO named the Uigwe as a World Document Heritage and included the collection in the Memory of the World Register .

literature

  • Hong Jun You : Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty . Ed .: Cultural Heritage Administration of the Republic of Kore . Seoul 2006 (English, application to UNESCO for recognition of the Uigwe as World Document Heritage).
  • Park Chan Seung : Unearthing Joseon Court Life from Uigwe, Joseon's Documentary Heritage . In: Korea Journal . Vol. 48, No. 2 . Academy of Korean Studies , Seoul 2008 (English, online [PDF; 71 kB ; accessed on November 9, 2018]).
  • Han Young Woo : Joseon Era . In: A Review of Korean History . Volume 2 . Kyongsaewon Publishing Company , Pajubookcity, Gyeonggi-do 2010, ISBN 978-89-8341-092-4 (English).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty . 2006, p.  1 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty . 2006, p.  2 .
  3. ↑ Kyujanggak History . Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies - Seoul National University , accessed November 9, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Jangseogak Archives ( 한국학 중앙 연구원 한국학 학술 정보관. 장서각 ). In: Visit Korea . Korea Tourism Organization , accessed November 9, 2018 .
  5. ^ A b Han : A Review of Korean History . 2010, p.  95 .
  6. ^ Han : A Review of Korean History . 2010, p.  110 .
  7. ↑ The Oegyujanggak Uigwe . National Museum of Korea , accessed November 9, 2018 .
  8. ^ Park : Unearthing Joseon Court Life from Uigwe, Joseon's Documentary Heritage . In: Korea Journal . 2008, p.  6 .
  9. ↑ Uigwe . Trafficking Culture , March 19, 2014, accessed November 9, 2018 .
  10. ^ Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty . In: Memory of the World Register . UNESCO , 2007, accessed November 9, 2018 .