Umbilicariales
Umbilicariales | ||||||||||||
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Umbilicaria hyperborea |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name of the subclass | ||||||||||||
Umbilicariomycetidae | ||||||||||||
Bendiksby , Hestmark & Timdal | ||||||||||||
Scientific name of the order | ||||||||||||
Umbilicariales | ||||||||||||
Lumbsch , Hestmark & Lutzoni |
The umbilicariales are a small order of the Ascomycetes (Ascomycota), whose types lichens form.
features
The Umbilicariaceae form lichens with the chlorococcal green algae ( Chlorophyceae ) genus Trebouxia , the cyanobacteria Stigonema and Scytonema also occur as secondary phytobionts .
The fruiting bodies sit on the lichen thallus , more rarely they are sunk or stalked. Mostly they are black, irregularly disc-shaped. The excipulum is pigmented. The hymenium is amyloid . The paraphyses are simple or slightly branched, they are thickened at the top. The asci are unitunicate and form one to eight spores. The ascospores are translucent ( hyaline ) or brown, not septate or muriform (multicellular with transverse and longitudinal walls).
Systematics
The Umbilicariales are not initially assigned to any subclass of the Lecanoromycetes . According to phylogenetic studies, they are quite close to the Lecanoromycetidae. In 2013, Mika Bendiksby , Geir Hestmark and Einar Timdal created their own subclass Umbilicariomycetidae within the Lecanoromycetes. The Umbilicariales therefore include the following families with the genera according to Eriksson:
Eriksson leads the first three families as Lecanoromycetidae incertae sedis .
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Umbilicariaceae with two genera
- Lasallia
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Umbilicaria , among others with:
- Umbilicaria cylindrica
- Iwatake ( Umbilicaria esculenta )
- Single genus Elixiaceae
- Fuscideaceae with seven genera
- Ophioparmaceae with a single genus
- Ophioparma , is part of the Lecanorales at Eriksson.
swell
literature
- Jolanta Miadlikowska et al .: New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyzes of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes . In: Mycologia , Volume 98, 2006, pp. 1088-1103.
- DS Hibbett et al .: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological research , May 2007; 111 (5): 509-547. Epub 2007 March 13, 2007. doi: 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 , (PDF; 1.3 MB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Miadlikowska et al .: New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes ... , 2006.
- ↑ Mika Bendiksby & Einar Timdal: Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of Hypocenomyce sensu lato (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes): Extreme polyphyly and morphological / ecological convergence . In: Taxon . tape 62 , no. 5 , 2013, p. 940–956 , doi : 10.12705 / 625.18 ( https://www.artsdatabanken.no/Files/10228 pdf).
- ^ OE Eriksson (Ed.): Outline of Ascomycota - 2006 In: Myconet , Volume 12, 2006, pp. 1-82. (online html)