Cisuralium
system | series | step | ≈ age ( mya ) |
---|---|---|---|
higher | higher | higher | younger |
Perm | Lopingium | Changhsingium | 251.9 ⬍ 254.2 |
Wuchiapingium | 254.2 ⬍ 259.9 |
||
Guadalupium | Capitanium | 259.9 ⬍ 265.1 |
|
Wordium | 265.1 ⬍ 268.8 |
||
Roadium | 268.8 ⬍ 272.3 |
||
Cisuralium | Kungurium | 272.3 ⬍ 279.3 |
|
Artinskium | 279.3 ⬍ 290.1 |
||
Sacmarium | 290.1 ⬍ 295.5 |
||
Asselium | 295.5 ⬍ 298.9 |
||
deeper | deeper | deeper | older |
The Cisuralium (also Unterperm or Unteres Perm) is the lowest chronostratigraphic series or geochronological epoch of the Permian in the history of the earth . It began about 298.9 million years ago and ended about 272.3 million years ago. The Pennsylvania series of the Karbon is ahead of it . It is followed by the Guadalupium series, the Middle Perm.
Naming
The series is named after the western (European) side of the Ural Mountains (Cisural); in contrast, the eastern (Asian) side is called Transural. The name was proposed by John Bruce Waterhouse in 1982 .
Definition and GSSP
The basis of the Cisuralium series (and the Asselium stage) is defined by the first appearance of the conodont species Streptognathodus isolatus . The series ends (or the Guadalupium series begins) with the first appearance of the conodont species Jinogondolella nanginkensis . The GSSP for the Carbon-Permian border, the Cisuralium and the Asselium is located in the Aidaralash valley, near the city of Aqtöbe (Russian Aktyubinsk) in the southern Urals ( Kazakhstan ).
Breakdown
The cisuralium is divided into four geological levels :
-
System : Permian (298.9-251.9 mya )
- Series : Lopingium (Upper Permian) (259.9–251.9 mya)
- Series: Guadalupium (Middle Permian) (272.3–259.9 mya)
- Series: Cisuralium (Lower Permian) (298.9–272.3 mya)
- Level : Kungurium (279.3-272.3 mya)
- Level: Artinskium (290.1-279.3 mya)
- Stage: sakmarian (295.5 to 290.1 mya)
- Stage: Asselium (298.9–295.5 mya)
The Cisuralium in Central Europe
In Central Europe, the lower parts of the Rotliegend were deposited at the time of the Cisuralium .
literature
- Vladimir I. Davydov, Brian F. Glenister, Claude Spinosa, Scott M. Ritter, VV Chernykh, Bruce R. Wardlaw, WS Snyder: Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System . In: Episodes. 21 (1), Beijing 1998, ISSN 0705-3797 , pp. 11-18. (PDF, 304 kB)
- Yugan Jin , Bruce R. Wardlaw, Brian F. Glenister, Galina V. Kotlyar: Permian chronostratigraphic subdivision. Episodes, 20 (1), Beijing 1997, ISSN 0705-3797 , pp. 10-15. (PDF, 1.9 MB)
- Bruce R. Wardlaw, Vladimir I. Davydov, Felix Gradstein: The Permian Period. Pp. 249-270 In: Felix Gradstein, Jim Ogg, Alan Smith (Eds.): A Geologic timescale. Cambridge University Press 2004, ISBN 0-521-78673-8 .
- J. Bruce Waterhouse: An early Djulfian (Permian) brachiopod faunule from Upper Shyok Valley, Karakorum Range, and the implications for dating of allied faunas from Iran and Pakistan. In: VJ Gupta (Ed.): Contribution to Himalayan Geology. 2/1982, Industan Publishing Corporation, Delhi, pp. 188-233.
Web links
- German Stratigraphic Commission, Manfred Menning (Hrsg.): Stratigraphische Tisch von Deutschland 2002 . Potsdam 2002, ISBN 3-00-010197-7 (1 sheet, Stratigraphie.de [PDF; 6.6 MB ]).
- Commission for the paleontological and stratigraphic research of Austria of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Ed.): The Stratigraphic Table of Austria (sedimentary layer sequences). Vienna 2004 PDF (376 kB)
- International Commission on Stratigraphy: International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2012 (PDF; 354 kB)