Vérteskozma

Vérteskozma in winter (state 2009)

Vérteskozma ( German Kosmau ) is a small town founded by Danube Swabians in the Vértes Mountains (German: Schildgebirge), today part of the municipality of Gánt in the Bicske district in Fejér County, Hungary . The village is located in a nature reserve . Today the village is known as the "living Skansen ".

history

The area around Vérteskozma was first mentioned in a document around 1300 - as a property of the Gesztes castle lordship. At that time only the name "Kosma" was mentioned. After the conquest of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, the time of Turkish rule began in large parts of Hungary . The local population was falling rapidly. Whole regions were depopulated, so there was no longer a population in Vérteskozma either.

Parish church of St. Kosmas and Damian

Since the end of Turkish rule, Count Anton Esterházy had huge estates in this area. In the 1740s, the Esterházy 's, who in the meantime belonged to the area, settled 59 Catholic farming families from Germany in Vérteskozma. In 1742, the settlers from the Ulm area received land and agricultural land from Count Anton Esterházy . These German families were the first to grow potatoes in Hungary.

In 1746 a wooden church and the rectory were built, two years later the Catholic elementary school was built. Since only German was spoken in the village, school lessons and church services were also in German. Around 1750 there were already 500 inhabitants in the village.

In the years 1778–79, the small Catholic church was built in stone and consecrated to St. Cosmas and Damian and replaced the old wooden church. After the renovation in 1868, the church received its present form. Regular services are no longer held in the church at present. However, it is often used for weddings and special events.

Crucifix in front of the Catholic parish church of St. Kosmas and Damian

In 1908 the village Kozma received the prefix (prefix) 'Vértes' (named after the mountain of the same name) and was renamed Vérteskozma.

In 1941, almost the entire population of the village declared itself to be a German national. Due to this fact, almost the entire village was forcibly relocated to Germany in May 1946. Only 25 kg of luggage (excluding valuables) was allowed. In total it was approx. 300 people belonging to 68 families who were victims of displacement. Only four families were allowed to stay in the village. The 59 abandoned houses stood empty for years. In the 1950s, an attempt was made to resettle miners who were then working in the bauxite pits in the area in the empty houses in the village. This attempt failed because the new residents did not feel at home here and left the place again. From the 1970s onwards, Hungarians began to buy up the abandoned houses with the intention of using them as holiday homes. In 1992 a memorial for the evicted Danube Swabians was erected in the village.

After the Second World War , Vérteskozma was administratively attached to the village of Gánt . Today the village has only 20 permanent residents. The old farmhouses of the evicted " Danube Swabians " are looked after today, a special commission of the village administration ensures that the original house and farmstead shapes are preserved. Arbitrary changes to the structure of the former Danube Swabian estate are not permitted.

Vérteskozma is - because of the natural beauties of the area - a popular excursion and hiking area today.

Web links

Commons : Vérteskozma - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ The Gesztes Castle was first mentioned in a document in 1332. The first owners were the noble family Csák . It changed hands up to the Turkish Wars. After that the castle came under Turkish rule. Later it came into the possession of the Esterházy family. In 1795 it is only mentioned as a castle ruin.
↑ Under pressure from Marshal Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov , who was then the head of the Allied Commission (from 1945 to 1947 he chaired the Soviet Control Commission in Hungary), the then Hungarian promised on May 16, 1945 Foreign Minister János Gyöngyösi (1893–1951) initiated the resettlement of 300,000 Germans from Hungary. On January 15, 1946, the communist interior minister Imre Nagy issued ordinance 70.010 / 1946 BM, which led to the expulsion of Germans from Hungary.
↑ The village is located on the southern edge of the Vértes Mountains, near the village of Csákvár , about 24 km from Stuhlweissenburg and has approx. 820 (2015) inhabitants. Many Germans still live in this area today. According to the 2011 census, their share of the population was 20.4%.

47.454444444444 18.436944444444Coordinates: 47 ° 27 ′ 16 ″ N , 18 ° 26 ′ 13 ″ E

[1] The Gesztes Castle was first mentioned in a document in 1332. The first owners were the noble family Csák . It changed hands up to the Turkish Wars. After that the castle came under Turkish rule. Later it came into the possession of the Esterházy family. In 1795 it is only mentioned as a castle ruin.

[2] Under pressure from Marshal Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov , who was then the head of the Allied Commission (from 1945 to 1947 he chaired the Soviet Control Commission in Hungary), the then Hungarian promised on May 16, 1945 Foreign Minister János Gyöngyösi (1893–1951) initiated the resettlement of 300,000 Germans from Hungary. On January 15, 1946, the communist interior minister Imre Nagy issued ordinance 70.010 / 1946 BM, which led to the expulsion of Germans from Hungary.

[3] The village is located on the southern edge of the Vértes Mountains, near the village of Csákvár , about 24 km from Stuhlweissenburg and has approx. 820 (2015) inhabitants. Many Germans still live in this area today. According to the 2011 census, their share of the population was 20.4%.