VSV-EBOV

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VSV-EBOV is a recombinant vaccine against the Ebola virus .

properties

VSV-EBOV is a mixture of different variants of a viral vector based on the Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). These vectors are replication-competent ( live vaccine ). To generate the vaccine, a gene from the Ebola virus , which encodes the viral glycoprotein (GP) of the Ebola virus, was inserted into its genome .

It is administered by intramuscular injection. In animal experiments, the effectiveness of a vaccination after infection was established. Vaccination protection lasted for at least fourteen months after vaccination in long-tailed macaques . VSV-EBOV was developed by the Canadian National Microbiology Laboratory . The vaccine was investigated in a clinical study from October 2014 .

The variant rVSV-ZEBOV (synonymous rVSV-ZEBOV-GP , VSVΔG-ZEBOV or BPSC1001 ) has the gene for the glycoprotein of the Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV). The variant rVSV-MARV (synonymous rVSV-MARV-GP ), on the other hand, encodes, among other things, the gene of the glycoprotein of the Marburg virus (MARV). The variants can be combined to form a multivalent vaccine.

Approval in Europe

In November 2019, the vaccine was approved under the name Ervebo by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) with reservations.

commitment

Number of vaccinations with the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine in Eastern Congo from 2018

During the Ebola virus epidemic in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2018 to 2020, a large-scale vaccination campaign began on August 8, 2018 . Since the start of this campaign (as of December 18, 2018) 49,940 people have been given the Ebola vaccine, including 19,120 in the city of Beni (Congo) alone . According to the decision of an ethics committee, only the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine from MSD is used . The vaccine was shown to be highly effective according to accompanying studies. The effectiveness should be around 97 percent. However, criticism of the study design was also expressed.

Web links

  • Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo et al .: Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomized trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!). In: The Lancet . 2016, doi : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (16) 32621-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Steven M. Jones et al .: Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses . In: Nature Medicine . tape 11 , no. 7 , July 2005, p. 786-790 , doi : 10.1038 / nm1258 , PMID 15937495 .
  2. ^ A b Sylvain Baize: A single shot against Ebola and Marburg virus . In: Nature Medicine . tape 11 , no. 7 , July 2005, p. 720-721 , doi : 10.1038 / nm0705-720 , PMID 16015361 .
  3. ↑ a b Chad E. Mire et al .: Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vectors expressing filovirus glycoproteins lack neurovirulence in nonhuman primates . In: PLoS neglected tropical diseases . tape 6 , no. 3 , 2012, p. e1567 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pntd.0001567 , PMID 22448291 , PMC 3308941 (free full text).
  4. ↑ Heinz Feldmann et al .: Effective post-exposure treatment of Ebola infection . In: PLoS pathogens . tape 3 , no. 1 , January 2007, p. e2 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.ppat.0030002 , PMID 17238284 , PMC 1779298 (free full text).
  5. ↑ Hannah Thibedeau: "Ebola vaccine to be sent to WHO on Monday for clinical trials" . In: CBC News , October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
  6. ↑ US NIAID: A Phase 1 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Prime-Boost VSV Ebola Vaccine in Healthy Adults ( Memento of October 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  7. ↑ dpa / jb: EU approval for Ebola vaccine Ervebo. Deutsche Apotheker Zeitung, November 12, 2019, accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  8. ↑ situation epidemiologique dans les provinces du Nord Kivu et de l'Ituri. Dr. Oly Ilunga Kalenga , Ministre de la Santé, December 20, 2018, accessed December 20, 2018 (French).
  9. ↑ Daniela Hüttemann: Ebola vaccination seems to be highly effective. In: Pharmaceutical newspaper . April 24, 2019, accessed April 30, 2019 .
  10. ↑ "The experimental vaccine works". Marylyn Addo in conversation with Christiane Knoll. In: deutschlandfunk.de . July 5, 2019, accessed July 6, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Wolfram G Metzger, Sarai Vivas-Martínez: Questionable efficacy of the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine . In: The Lancet . tape 391 , no. 10125 , March 2018, p. 1021 , doi : 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (18) 30560-9 ( elsevier.com [accessed January 3, 2020]).