Vacuolating cytotoxin

Vacuolating cytotoxin
other names	VacA, Vacuolating cytotoxin autotransporter
Mass / length primary structure	1,290 amino acids , 139,312 Da
Secondary to quaternary structure	Heterodimer
Identifier
External IDs	UniProt : P55981 ;
	Orthologue ( Helicobacter pylori )
Entrez	899415
UniProt	P55981
Refseq (protein)	NP_207680.1
PubMed search	899415

Vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is a protein from various Helicobacter pylori and a microbial exotoxin .

properties

VacA creates vacuoles in eukaryotic cells. The mechanism is unique among all bacterial toxins. The vacuoles have similarities with lysosomes and late endosomes . In vertebrates, it creates ulcers and lesions in the stomach. VacA is a virulence factor in H. pylori infections . VacA has an immunosuppressive effect in T cells . However, not all VacA variants are pathogenic in H. pylori . VacA binds to the cellular receptors RPTPα, RPTPβ and LRP1 for uptake in cells .

Applications

VacA is being studied as an antigen for use as a Helicobacter vaccine .

literature

DN Sgouras, TT Trang, Y. Yamaoka: Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection. In: Helicobacter. Volume 20 Suppl 1, September 2015, pp. 8-16, doi : 10.1111 / hel.12251 , PMID 26372819 , PMC 4572604 (free full text).

Web links

MeSH vacuolating cytotoxin

Individual evidence

↑ M. Junaid, AK Linn, MB Javadi, S. Al-Gubare, N. Ali, G. Katzenmeier: Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) - A multi-talented pore-forming toxin from Helicobacter pylori. In: Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology. Volume 118, August 2016, pp. 27-35, doi : 10.1016 / j.toxicon.2016.04.037 , PMID 27105670 .
↑ SL Palframan, T. Kwok, K. Gabriel: Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), a key toxin for Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. In: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. Volume 2, 2012, p. 92, doi : 10.3389 / fcimb.2012.00092 , PMID 22919683 , PMC 3417644 (free full text).
↑ ^a ^b M. Moyat, D. Velin: Use of VacA as a Vaccine Antigen. In: Toxins. Volume 8, number 6, 06 2016, p., Doi : 10.3390 / toxins8060181 , PMID 27338474 , PMC 4926147 (free full text).
↑ C. Utsch, R. Haas: VacA's Induction of VacA-Containing Vacuoles (VCVs) and Their Immunomodulatory Activities on Human T Cells. In: Toxins. Volume 8, Number 6, 06 2016, S., doi : 10.3390 / toxins8060190 , PMID 27322323 , PMC 4,926,156 (Blank full text).
↑ T. Thi Huyen Trang, T. Thanh Binh, Y. Yamaoka: Relationship between vacA Types and Development of Gastroduodenal Diseases. In: Toxins. Volume 8, number 6, 06 2016, p., Doi : 10.3390 / toxins8060182 , PMID 27294955 , PMC 4926148 (free full text).
↑ K. Yahiro, T. Hirayama, J. Moss, M. Noda: New Insights into VacA Intoxication Mediated through Its Cell Surface Receptors. In: Toxins. Volume 8, number 5, 05 2016, p., Doi : 10.3390 / toxins8050152 , PMID 27187473 , PMC 4885067 (free full text).

[1] M. Junaid, AK Linn, MB Javadi, S. Al-Gubare, N. Ali, G. Katzenmeier: Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) - A multi-talented pore-forming toxin from Helicobacter pylori. In: Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology. Volume 118, August 2016, pp. 27-35, doi : 10.1016 / j.toxicon.2016.04.037 , PMID 27105670 .

[2] SL Palframan, T. Kwok, K. Gabriel: Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), a key toxin for Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. In: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. Volume 2, 2012, p. 92, doi : 10.3389 / fcimb.2012.00092 , PMID 22919683 , PMC 3417644 (free full text).

[Moyat-3] M. Moyat, D. Velin: Use of VacA as a Vaccine Antigen. In: Toxins. Volume 8, number 6, 06 2016, p., Doi : 10.3390 / toxins8060181 , PMID 27338474 , PMC 4926147 (free full text).

[4] C. Utsch, R. Haas: VacA's Induction of VacA-Containing Vacuoles (VCVs) and Their Immunomodulatory Activities on Human T Cells. In: Toxins. Volume 8, Number 6, 06 2016, S., doi : 10.3390 / toxins8060190 , PMID 27322323 , PMC 4,926,156 (Blank full text).

[5] T. Thi Huyen Trang, T. Thanh Binh, Y. Yamaoka: Relationship between vacA Types and Development of Gastroduodenal Diseases. In: Toxins. Volume 8, number 6, 06 2016, p., Doi : 10.3390 / toxins8060182 , PMID 27294955 , PMC 4926148 (free full text).

[6] K. Yahiro, T. Hirayama, J. Moss, M. Noda: New Insights into VacA Intoxication Mediated through Its Cell Surface Receptors. In: Toxins. Volume 8, number 5, 05 2016, p., Doi : 10.3390 / toxins8050152 , PMID 27187473 , PMC 4885067 (free full text).