Vandal language
| Vandalism, vandalism | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
North Africa (Carthage), Spain | |
| speaker | (extinct) | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | (extinct) | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
gem (other Germanic languages) |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
xvn |
|
Vandalic is an East Germanic language that became extinct at the end of antiquity . The language was spoken by the Vandal people and was probably related to Gothic , which is now also extinct .
Temporal and geographical classification
The Vandal gene is first documented in AD 77 by Pliny the Elder as Vandali or Vindili in what is now southern Poland . With the smashing of the North African Vandal empire with the capital Carthage by the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I in 533, the Vandal language died out.
Based on the sources, the research mainly relates to the last century of the almost 500-year history of the people, when they had long since left Poland and lived on the Iberian Peninsula and in North Africa.
Language certificates
There are only a few language certificates for the Vandal language. All certificates are third-party certificates, none of the certificates proves that the language was written by the vandals themselves.
The Latin epigram De conviviis barbaris (literally about foreign feasts ), conveyed via the Codex Salmasianus and the Anthologia Latina , contains a Germanic fragment that most authors consider vandalism, although the fragment is referred to as Gothic in the text:
“ Inter eils Goticum scapia matzia ia drincan!
non audet quisquam dignos educere versus. "
"Between the Gothic salvation [calls for salvation and their cries] " Let's get food and drink here! "
nobody dares to produce dignified verses any more. "
The rating of the fragment as Gothic is not surprising, especially since the historian Prokop in the 6th century also referred to both Goths and Vandals, Visigoths and Gepids as Gothic peoples and their language generally referred to as Gothic.
A second testimony can be found in the Collatio Beati Augustini cum Pascentio ariano , a treatise written by an unknown author between 430 and 450 AD and directed against the Arians , namely the translation of the liturgical call Lord, have mercy : frôja armês . In Gothic the same formula is called frauja armais .
Vandalized personal names from Spanish sources or from Tablettes Albertini , wooden tablets written in ink that were found in 1928 on the border between Tunisia and Algeria , are added to these two sentence-like language certificates .
Research history
Due to the sources, there are only limited research opportunities in the Vandal language.
After all, the German linguist Ferdinand Wrede wrote a comprehensive work on the Vandalic language as early as 1886 with his dissertation On the language of the vandals .
In 2002 an attempt was made in vandal research to reconstruct a complete phonetic of language. This reconstruction took place mainly on the basis of the Vandal personal names.
literature
- Ferdinand Wrede: About the language of the vandals. A contribution to Germanic name and dialect research . Dissertation, Strasbourg-London, 1886.
- Nicoletta Francovich-Onesti: I Vandali. Lingua e storia. Rome, 2002.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Tracing the language of the Vandals by Nicoletta Francovich Onesti, accessed December 23, 2013.
- ^ A b Albrecht Greule and Matthias Springer: Names of the early Middle Ages as linguistic evidence and as historical sources. 2009.
- ^ Procopius of Caesarea, The Vandalic War I, 2-8
- ↑ Adolf Hotzmann: Quarterly magazine for German Archeology, Volume 2, S 447. 1857th
- ↑ Ferdinand Wrede: About the language of the vandals (first part). Inaugural dissertation. Strasbourg & London, 1886. On the language of the vandals. A contribution to Germanic name and dialect research ( sources and research on the language and cultural history of the Germanic peoples. LIX. ). Strasbourg & London, 1886.
- ^ Nicoletta Francovich Onesti: I Vandali. Lingua e storia , Rome, Carocci, 2002. ISBN 88-430-2237-7