Forest quail wheat
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Forest quail wheat ( Melampyrum sylvaticum ) |
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| Melampyrum sylvaticum | ||||||||||||
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The forest quail wheat ( Melampyrum sylvaticum ) is a species of the genus quail wheat ( Melampyrum ) and a semi-parasite .
features
The forest quail wheat is similar to the meadow quail wheat and can easily be confused with it, especially since the meadow quail wheat is very rich in shape. The flowers of forest quail wheat, however, are considerably shorter, only 6 to 9 millimeters, whereas those of meadow quail wheat are 12 to 20 millimeters. The flower is also more compact, short-tube and curved, while it is elongated in the meadow quail wheat. The throat of the flower is open, in the meadow quail wheat it is almost closed. The color of the flowers is dark to reddish yellow, in the meadow quail wheat whitish to golden yellow.
The calyx teeth are triangular and about as long as the corolla tube, while the lanceolate calyx teeth of the meadow quail wheat do not even come close to the length of the corolla tube.
The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 18.
distribution
The forest quail wheat is particularly widespread in Scandinavia and northeastern Europe, otherwise in the higher mountains of Europe. In Germany, too, it is largely restricted to the Alps and higher low mountain ranges.
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Occurrence
It can be found scattered in spruce or spruce-fir forests in partially shaded or shady, fresh, base-rich, lime-poor and acidic locations. It is a Piceetalia-order character in Central Europe, but also occurs in societies of the sub-associations Galio-Abietenion and Cephalanthero-Fagenion.
In the Allgäu Alps, it rises up to 1980 m above sea level on the Kirchendach mountain on Schrecksee in Bavaria.
ecology
The forest quail wheat is a semi-parasite, on spruce and blueberries ( Vaccinium myrtillus ). It is a humus shallow root and a partial shade shade plant. The seeds are spread by ants.
Systematics
According to K. Marhold, Melampyrum sylvaticum L. has the following synonyms: Melampyrum aestivale Ronniger & Schinz , Melampyrum carpaticum Schult. , Melampyrum intermedium Ronniger & Schinz , Melampyrum laricetorum A. Kern. , Melampyrum subsylvaticum Ronniger & Schinz , Melampyrum transsilvanicum Schur , Melampyrum sylvaticum subsp. aestivale (Ronniger & Schinz) Ronniger , Melampyrum sylvaticum subsp. carpaticum (Schult.) Soó , Melampyrum sylvaticum subsp. intermedium (Ronniger & Schinz) Ronniger , Melampyrum sylvaticum subsp. laricetorum (A. Kern.) Ronniger , Melampyrum sylvaticum subsp. subsylvaticum (Ronniger & Schinz) Ronniger , Melampyrum sylvaticum subsp. transsilvanicum (Schur) Soó .
literature
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant sociological excursion flora , Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 5th edition, 1983
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 849. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 459.
- ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Scrophulariaceae : Datasheet Melampyrumn sylvaticum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Web links
- Forest quail wheat. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Forest quail wheat . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Melampyrum sylvaticum L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved March 14, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Quail wheat data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
