Watchlist

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A Watchlist or German Watchlist is a list of concepts, objects or persons for the creator of the respective list of significance.

This article deals with watchlists in connection with the entry requirements in the USA , especially in the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 .

Terrorist Screening Database

For the classified Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment , the Directorate of Terrorist Identities in the National Counterterrorism Center collects any information from all available sources that is in any way related to suspected terrorism. From this, the Terrorist Screening Center in the FBI compiles the Terrorist Screening Database (TSDB), which is classified as sensitive but not secret , which all police authorities, the military, the intelligence services and a large number of other authorities can access. The criterion for inclusion in the TSDB takes is a "reasonable suspicion" ( reasonable suspicion ), no concrete facts, still used in court evidence is needed. In November 2013, the TSDB had around 700,000 entries, half of which had no apparent connection with terrorism organizations. While most of the suspects in the database are from New York City , little Dearborn , Michigan comes in second . Because this city is highlighted by a particularly high population of Arab origin, it can be assumed that people of Arab origin were enrolled en masse in the TSDB even without concrete evidence.

The other terrorist-related watchlists in the USA are generated from the Terrorist Screening Database . In particular, the no-fly list and the screening list. People on the no-fly list are prevented from flights to the USA and within the country, people with the screening feature are checked particularly closely at the security gate in airports.

National police authorities try to collect biometric characteristics of all persons in the Terrorist Screening Database and for this purpose access in particular the driver's license register. For people outside the US, the National Security Agency and Central Intelligence Agency have a special program called Hydra , in which they obtain biometric data from foreign sources. Access to programs shared with the suspect's country of origin is used, as is the undetected intrusion into foreign computer systems in order to obtain data about their citizens.

Watchlist for entry into the USA

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The State Department maintains a watch list (including the No Fly List ) for entry into the USA . This contains the names of people who are not citizens of the USA and are not wanted there. The captured persons will be denied entry to the United States under all circumstances. There can be various reasons for adding a person to the watchlist; they are often people suspected of criminal activity such as drug trafficking . Reasons include, for example, damage to a computer that is used exclusively by a financial institution, or damage to government property in general . Acts that only pose a threat to property and are intended to intimidate the government can also result in an entry on the list. No concrete facts or evidence are required for an entry, evidence such as postings on Twitter or Facebook could be sufficient.

The list itself, the reasons, and the date of entry are known only to the Transportation Security Administration . This results in serious obstacles in the judicial or extrajudicial review of an entry. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation , inspections in 2009 revealed 19,000 hits. The Terrorist Watch List contained in 2009 about 400,000 names and the subset of the no-fly list 3,400, including 170 US citizens. In 2009 the Terrorist watch list comprised 1 million entries (including cover names and cover names, not the number of individuals). In 2013, 700,000 names were already on the Terrorist Watchlist .

At the beginning of 2014 a court ruled for the first time on a lawsuit against the listing of a person on the no-fly list . The judge found that the test procedures did not meet the requirements. He therefore condemned the United States government for information as to whether the plaintiff was allowed to fly to the United States at the time of the judgment. The government also had to disclose according to which of nine categories the plaintiff was denied the flight, even if the specific information was allowed to remain secret. In addition, every person must be able to submit at least one application to lift the flight ban. In the subsequent final order, the court found that Plaintiff's original 2004 entry on the no-fly list was a simple mistake by an FBI agent. As a result, none of the other government agencies involved had ever checked this entry, but only took extensive follow-up measures based on the decision at the time and entered it on various other watch lists. For example, a State Department employee handwritten the word terrorist on a form. The plaintiff was prevented from entering the United States for ten years, lost her PhD scholarship from Stanford University, and suffered further restrictions on her professional and personal life. Prominent US politicians such as Ted Kennedy and John Lewis have also been affected by the same names.

In the course of the legal proceedings, suspicions emerged that the FBI had put completely innocent Muslims on the no-fly list in order to subsequently force them to work as informants or agent provocateur in their respective social environment.

Examples
  • In 1987, the former general secretary who was UN and former Austrian President Kurt Waldheim in connection with allegations of complicity or even complicity in Nazi - war crimes during the Second World War put on the Watch List (see Waldheim affair ). This made the whole procedure known under this expression, especially in Austria.
  • In 1988 Nelson Mandela and other representatives of the ANC were put on the watch list by the US administration under Ronald Reagan for his fight against the apartheid regime as a "terrorist". It was not until 2008 that it was removed from this list under George W. Bush.
  • On September 22, 2004, the authorities refused entry to the United States for British singer Cat Stevens because of alleged contacts with Islamist terrorist organizations . Stevens, who has called himself Yusuf Islam since converting to Islam , has always denied such connections.
  • On April 18, 2009, the USA refused to allow an Air France plane to fly over to Mexico because the exiled Colombian was Hernando Calvo Ospina , who - according to Le Monde diplomatique for research purposes - has connections to the FARC .
  • In January 2010, the writer Gabriel Kuhn was refused entry. He had planned a reading tour in the USA.
  • On September 30, 2013, the writer Ilija Trojanow was refused entry without a visa, even though DHS said he had given him an ESTA . He wanted to take part in a Germanist congress in the USA.

See also

Web links

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  1. ↑ Unless otherwise stated, all information in this chapter comes from: The intercept: Barack Obama's Secret Terrorist-Tracking System, by the Numbers August 5, 2014
  2. ↑ Martin Holland: Rulebook revealed: How US authorities fill the anti-terror lists -heise.de, July 24, 2014
  3. ↑ Jared P. Cole: Terrorist Databases and the No Fly List: Procedural Due Process and Hurdles to Litigation . Congressional Research Service. 2nd April 2015
  4. ↑ FBI: 19,000 Matches to Terrorist Screening List in 2009 by Kim Zetter on wired.com, December 9, 2009
  5. ↑ Peter Eisler: Terrorist watch list hits 1 million , USA TODAY March 10, 2009
  6. ^ New York Times: Who Is Watching the Watch Lists? , November 30, 2013
  7. ^ District Court for the Northern District on California: Rahniah Ibrahim v. Department of Homeland Security, No. C 06-00545 WHA , January 14, 2014
  8. ^ District Court for the Northern District on California: Rahniah Ibrahim v. Department of Homeland Security, No. C 06-00545 WHA , January 14, 2014 (degree of darkness reduced to February 6, 2014)
  9. ↑ wired.com: FBI Checks Wrong Box, Places Student on No-Fly List , February 6, 2014
  10. ↑ http://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/ted-kennedy-and-the-no-fly-list-myth/
  11. ↑ http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/07/politics/no-fly-mistakes-cat-stevens-ted-kennedy-john-lewis/
  12. ↑ VICE : The FBI Is Trying to Recruit Muslims As Snitches by Putting Them On No-Fly Lists , April 23, 2014
  13. ↑ http://www.20min.ch/ausland/news/story/Warum-Amnesty-sich-nicht-fuer-ihn-einsetzt-15254481
  14. ↑ http://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/former/powell/remarks/36449.htm
  15. ^ Henry Samuel: US authorites divert Air France flight carrying 'no-fly' journalist to Mexico
  16. ↑ http://www.graswurzel.net/347/gabriel.shtml An interview with Gabriel Kuhn, who was refused entry to the USA, accessed in March 2010
  17. ↑ Interview with Ilija Trojanow about his US entry ban