Change of direction
As a change of direction or change of direction change is the direction of travel of a vehicle , respectively. This mainly affects the transport systems of rail transport , road transport and shipping . This article explains several related terms.
Vehicle scheduling and timetable creation
In general, in local transport, timetables are planned as circulation plans, these are plans of the successive journeys of a vehicle used - one also speaks of the deployment plan. The scheduling officers are responsible for creating the schedule. Vehicle scheduling assigns available vehicles to the plans required on the day of operation. From the point of view of the vehicle driver, the timetable is a vehicle schedule.
This is how the following terms are understood:
Turning drive
A journey that starts according to the schedule after the end of the journey.
Premature turnaround
A trip is not carried out to the planned final destination, but the route is shortened due to planning decisions.
Short turn, also platform turn
After reaching the scheduled end of the train station, the train turns on the next starting train service without leaving the platform.
Long turn
The journey will be extended beyond the scheduled end point.
Dispositive turning
Short and long turns are never planned in isolation, they only occur in combination in order to compensate for canceled journeys as a result of vehicle disruptions or disruptions in the route (e.g. due to construction work) in order to evenly utilize the journeys serving a line .
Rolling turn
A trip is not transferred to the directly following trip, but to the following trip. The journey immediately following is taken over from the previous journey. There are therefore two vehicles between arrival and departure in the turning area.
Staffing
Overturned turn
The driver of a vehicle leaves it to take a statutory break and takes over a vehicle that follows.
Short turn
A turn is reduced to the minimum technically required so that there are no breaks.
Long turn
The turnaround time is long enough that legally prescribed rest breaks are possible during it.
Rail transport system
A distinction is made between different types of change of direction of travel on the railroad:
Sweeping
- When turning, the entire train (wagon with locomotive) is turned around by driving onto another track section using a turning loop or a track triangle .
Turn
- When turning "with" the locomotive change, the locomotive is replaced by another.
- Turning "without" a locomotive change is only possible with a multiple unit or a push- pull train, i.e. a train with either a control car or a locomotive coupled to the other end of the train , where the driver has to change the driver's cab or is replaced by a colleague . Such a turning often takes place on a special pull-out track ( sweeping track ) , which in city traffic systems is often located between the continuous mainline tracks . The entire infrastructure required for this is then referred to as the sweeping system .
- "Relocating" means changing the existing locomotive from one end of the train to the other. A specially provided pull-out track or another track in a suitable location can be used for moving.
In some countries, a change of direction is indicated in the information media on the train so that travelers can prepare for the change in direction. For long-distance DB services , this is the leaflet for your travel plan .
Maneuvering to turn
- By means of a hub , a vehicle can be turned, which is not longer than the piece of track of the rotating disc. Such systems were built frequently in the beginning and until the middle of the 20th century. They have become obsolete because modern rail traction vehicles can drive in both directions equally, without causing a lower speed to be accepted in either direction would, as in most previous Tender - steam locomotives was the case. In addition, a lot of time is required for turning, for example for driving to the turntable.
- All forms of turning may also be by means of a hairpin , reversing triangle , Gleisfünfeck or in a terminal station to be executed.
- A "Sägefahrt" depends on a free track on which the train tacking back and forth over switches ranks is.
Other terms
- When “turning heads”, the train travels in the opposite direction on part of the previously used tracks. For this purpose, a route in the opposite direction is set by the signal box.
- A head platform is a platform in a train station facility where trains can only be turned by turning their heads.
- "Falling" is a term mainly used in Switzerland and Austria for turning around in a train station where several routes meet if the other route can only be reached by changing the direction of travel. The term falls is mainly used on freight trains , but a fall may also be necessary on passenger trains .
- In the case of a "turning trip", the order of the trolleys is reversed for dispatching reasons by choosing a suitable route and then turning heads. In many cases, the goal is to restore the scheduled train sequence, for example after a diversion. Track construction machines that are designed for only one working direction must regularly perform turning trips if they cannot be turned on turntables because of their length.
tram
- At a coupling end point , a tram turns around by uncoupling the trailer, a following railcar couples this trailer and takes it in the opposite direction.
Traffic system road traffic
In contrast to rail-bound traffic, in other types of traffic a vehicle can change into the opposite direction by turning around (also in a semicircle). Here the term change of direction describes:
- the lane change (on, in at least one direction of travel, multi-lane roads) to change to a lane to another destination
- Turning (leaving one street to switch to another)
- Turning (special change of direction of travel, namely from the current direction of travel to the opposite direction of travel and thus also the lane).
In order to indicate this change of direction to other road users, the impending change of direction must be indicated by hand or by means of a direction indicator (blinker).
literature
- Siegfried Rüger : Transport technology for urban public transport . 3. edit Edition. Transpress Publishing House for Transport, Berlin 1986.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Helmut Iffländer: Current Issues Management ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.2 MB) p. 16
