Bufo spinosus
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Pair of Bufo spinosus in Portugal in the amplexus during spawning season |
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| Daudin , 1803 |
Bufo spinosus , also known as the Mediterranean common toad or Western common toad , is a species of frog from the toad family(Bufonidae). It iswidespreadin western France and the Iberian Peninsula , and the populations in northwest Africa (Maghreb) probably also belong to this species. Bufo spinosus was firstdescribedby Daudin in1803, but was long considered a subspecies ( Bufo bufo spinosus ) of the common toad ( Bufo bufo ). In 2012, molecular biological studiesshowedthat it is a separate species, which is increasingly accepted.
features
The males are up to 11 centimeters long, the females up to 18 centimeters. Their color ranges from olive to gray-brown to brick red. The toads' irises are mostly red. The females often have beige to white stripes or spots. The warts are particularly pronounced in the females. Her belly is beige in color with dark marbling. The males have callouses on the first three fingers during the mating season . They call with a bright and rasping mating call.
distribution
The range extends from western France through southern France to the Iberian Peninsula, the common toads of the Maghreb (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco) probably also belong to this species. The easternmost point of the range is likely to be around Toulon in southern France. The limit of distribution with the common toad runs diagonally through France.
Occurrence
The western common toad rises up to 2600 m. ü. M. on. As a spawning site , it prefers large and deep bodies of water, but small and shallow biotopes are also used. Forests, bushes and even steppe-like meadows are used as land habitats.
Individual evidence
- Jump up ↑ E. Recuero, D. Canestrelli, J. Vörös, K. Szabó, NA Poyarkov, JW Arntzen, J. Crnobrnja-Isailovic, AA Kidov, D. Coga˘lniceanu, FP Caputo, G. Nascetti, I. Martínez-Solano : Multilocus species tree analyzes resolve the radiation of the widespread Bufo bufo species group (Anura, Bufonidae). In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62, 2012, pp. 71-86. doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2011.09.008
- ↑ a b Glandt, Dieter: The amphibians and reptiles of Europe: all kinds in portrait . Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-494-01581-1 , p. 155-157 .
- ↑ Glandt, Dieter: The amphibians and reptiles of Europe, all kinds in portrait . Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-494-01581-1 , p. 156 .
- ↑ Glandt, Dieter: The amphibians and reptiles of Europe, all kinds in portrait . Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-494-01581-1 , p. 152 .
literature
- Theodora S. Sofianidou, H. Schneider: The reproductive behavior of the giant toad Bufo b. spinosus (Amphibia, Anura) in northern Greece. In: Zoologischer Anzeiger. Volume 214, 1985, pp. 209-221.
- Hans Schneider, Ulrich Sinsch: Calls and calling behavior of the common toad Bufo b. bufo, in Hungary and a comparison with the advertisement call of the giant toad, Bufo b. spinosus. In: Journal of Field Herpetology. Volume 11, 2004, pp. 187-201.
- Ulrich Sinsch, Hans Schneider, David N. Tarkhnishvili: Bufo Superspezies - Common toad species - taxon bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) - Common toad - taxon gredosicula L. Müller and Mellmich 1935 - Gredos Erdkröte - taxon spinosus Daudin, 1803 - Giant common toad - taxon verrucoson Pallas, 1811) - Colchian common toad. In: Kurt Grossenbacher (Ed.): Handbook of the reptiles and amphibians in Europe. Volume 5 / II (Hylidae, Bufonidae), Aula-Verlag, Wiebelsheim, 2009, pp. 191-335.
