White River spring carp
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White River spring carp ( Crenichthys baileyi ) |
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| Crenichthys baileyi | ||||||||||||
| Gilbert , 1893 |
The White River spring carp fish ( Crenichthys baileyi ) is a rare freshwater fish that is found in five subspecies in Nevada . The kind epithet refers to the naturalist Vernon Orlando Bailey .
description
The White River spring carp reaches a length of up to nine centimeters. The top is colored dark olive. The underside appears silvery. A black stripe can be seen along the flanks. A second row of black spots extends from the center of the body to the caudal fin. The chin and gill cover are light silver. The fins are light olive and sometimes a little dark in color at the edges. The teeth are two-pointed. The jaws are about the same length. There is no ventral fin. The anal fin is long with 14 rays. The dorsal fin sits on the back of the body in front of the anal fin. It is slightly smaller than the anal fin and has 11 rays.
distribution
The distribution area of the White River spring carp are springs of the White River and its tributaries in Nevada . The subspecies Crenichthys baileyi albivallis occurs in the Preston Big Spring in White Pine County . Crenichthys bailey bailey and Crenichthys bailey grandis are restricted to the hot water springs at Ash Springs , Hiko Spring and Crystal Springs in the Pahranagat Valley in Lincoln County . The source system of the Muddy River (formerly Moapa River) is the habitat of Crenichthys baileyi moapae and Crenichthys bailey thermophilus lives in the sources of the Moorman and Moon Rivers and in Hot Creek.
Way of life
The White River spring carp lives in springs with temperatures between 21 and 37 ° C. The cooler springs have an oxygen content of 3.3 ppm . In the warm springs the oxygen content is much lower at 0.7 ppm and the life expectancy of the fish is around a quarter lower than in the cooler springs. The diet consists of small invertebrates. When spawning, 10 to 17 eggs are laid, which are individually fertilized.
status
The White River spring carp has become rare as a result of the channeling of the spring zones and competition from imported carp and exotic fish. It is listed as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List and the Endangered Species Act .
literature
- William F. Sigler, John W. Sigler: Fishes of the Great Basin. University of Nevada Press, Reno 1987, ISBN 0-87417-116-4 .
- Ira La Rivers : Fishes and Fisheries of Nevada. Nevada State Fish and Game Commission, Carson City 1962.
- JE Williams, GR Wilde: Taxonomic status and morphology of isolated populations of the white river springfish, Crenichthys baileyi (Cyprinodontidae). In: Southwestern Association of Naturalists. 25 (4), 1981, pp. 485-503.
- Lawrence M. Page, Brooks M. Burr: A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes. North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin, Boston 1991, ISBN 0-395-91091-9 .
- David Stephen Lee et al .: Atlas of North American Freshwater Fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh 1980, ISBN 0-917134-03-6 .
Web links
- White River spring carp on Fishbase.org (English)
- Crenichthys baileyi in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2007 Posted by: M. Gimenez Dixon, 1996. Accessed on 17 February, 2008.
- Fish and Wildlife Information Exchange - Taxonomy White River Springfish ( October 19, 2009 memento in the Internet Archive )