Wicked - The Witches of Oz (novel)

Wicked - The witches of Oz or Wicked - The witches of Oz. The true story of the wicked witch of the West (Original title: Wicked. The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West ) is a novel by Gregory Maguire .

Based on the works of L. Frank Baum , Wicked is a revisionist look at the land and characters of Oz , as they are known from Baum's novel The Wizard of Oz (1900) and the film The Wizard of Oz (1939) . Wicked , published in 1995 with illustrations by Douglas Smith , portrays incidents, characters and situations from Baum's novel and the film in new and surprising ways.

Unlike the popular film and Baum's works, this novel is not directed at children. It sometimes includes very direct language and content. The successful Broadway musical Wicked - The Witches of Oz is based on Maguire's novel, but differs greatly in word choice and plot. A sequel to Wicked entitled Son of a Witch was released in the fall of 2005. The third volume of the Wicked cycle, entitled A Lion Among Men , was released on October 14, 2008. In November 2011, Out of Oz was the final volume of the series.

Summary

The novel is a political, societal, and ethical commentary on what good and bad really are. The action takes place in the land of Oz before the girl Dorothy shows up. She focuses on Elphaba, a misunderstood green-skinned girl who grows up to become the infamous "Wicked Witch of the West". Gregory Maguire created the name "Elphaba" (pronunciation: EL-fa-ba) from the initials of Lyman Frank Baum, LFB. The story is divided into five different sections.

Munchkins

Elphaba is born as the daughter of Melena - the granddaughter of Eminence Thropp - and Frexspar (short: Frex), the pastor of the unionist religion. Melena marries outside her family and is therefore unhappy in her marriage. For a long time it remains unclear that Melena will at some point be visited by a mysterious stranger who gives her a drink from a green bottle and then seduces her. Elphaba, who is green and terrified of water, is born nine months after this incident. She is born in a device called the "clock of the time kite" (an important relic of the followers of the "cult of joy") while Frex is being pursued by a lynch squad. The old nanny, Ämmchen, who took care of Melena in her childhood, is called in for support.

About a year and a half later, a traveling quadling, called the turtle heart, appears at Melena and Frex and Melena provides him with shelter and food. For Elphaba, the glassblower creates a pretty, glittering bowl out of glass. Melena starts an affair with the quadling while Frex is on a mission trip. When he returns, he befriends Turtle Heart, apparently without knowing about the love affair between Melena and the Quadling. At the end of the first part it turns out that Melena is pregnant again.

Gillikin

Note: In the land of Oz, a distinction is made between intelligent, speaking ANIMALS (upper case) and non-speaking animals (lower case).

The second part begins in a compartment of the train to Shiz, a town in southwest Gillikin. The two passengers, Doctor Dillamond and Galinda, a girl, are on their way to Shiz University. After their arrival, Dillamond retires to the professors 'accommodation and Galinda continues her way to the Grattler College, the girls' university.

Since Galinda her aunt snap on the go came into a rusty nail, you have to leave, she has no one who could represent in the room arrangements. In order not to be accommodated in the pink dormitory, she finally agrees to share a double room with Elphaba. The two do not get along very well, as Elphaba shows no interest in integrating into the group and Galinda is more interested in maintaining her social status. Both take part in the biology lecture given by the talking GEISSBOCK Doctor Dillamond. The ANIMALS / Animals controversy is a big part of the plot and Doctor Dillamond wants to prove that ANIMALS have more in common with humans than animals. He informs the class that the tyrannical rule of the Wizard of Oz leads to discrimination against ANIMALS and that some ANIMALS have already been demoted to animals. This discrimination is supported by Madame Akaber (derivation: "macabre"), the director of the Grattler-Kolleg. One of her poetry evenings turns out to be a propaganda event for the ideology “animals should be seen and not heard”. Elphaba soon campaigns for ANIMAL RIGHTS and later becomes Dillamond's secretary and laboratory assistant.

Elphaba befriends a young munchkin named Boq, who has a crush on Galinda. Since Galinda is a big Gllikinesin, but he is a little munchkin, she lets him down . He hopes that his friendship with Elphaba Galinda will bring him closer, and ultimately it will lead him to become involved in Elphaba's and Dillamond's research. However, their friendship is shaken when Dillamond is murdered. At the same time, Aunt Schnapp suffers a mysterious paralysis. Galinda feels responsible for this, but what struck her most was the murder of Doctor Dillamond. In his honor, she adopts the more traditional pronunciation of her name “Glinda”, throws herself into her studies and takes a course in sorcery at the insistence of Madame Akaber. Elphaba's sister Nessarose comes to Shiz and brings a new aunt for herself, Galinda and Elphaba. It's the nanny, umm. Nessa receives a present from her father, namely the gemstone shoes that are set with self-blown pearls. Also new to Shiz is Fiyero, a noble Winkie. Meanwhile, Elphaba continues to secretly research Doctor Dillamond's research.

Over time, Aunt Schnapps' suffering worsens and - as it becomes more and more likely that she will die - Glinda tries to witch away the stupor . The auntie becomes clear again briefly and she tells us that it was Grommetik, Madame Akaber's mechanical servant, who murdered Doctor Dillamond, and that only Madame Akaber could be responsible. After the funeral of Auntie Schnapp, Elphaba, Glinda and Nessarose are influenced by Madame Akaber to become employees of the magician, so-called “ambassadors of peace”: Elphaba is to go west, to Munchkinland; Glinda further north from Gillikin; Nessarose is supposed to go south, to Quadlingen. All three feel they should refuse, but a spell prevents them from opposing Madame Akaber's views. Only Elphaba resists Madame Akaber's magic, she decides that something must be done.

She and Glinda travel to the Emerald City where they meet the Wizard of Oz to raise the ANIMAL concerns. He rejects their concerns and orders them to return to Shiz. However, Elphaba stays behind and sends Glinda back to the college after she told her that she could not see her again; she has decided to take matters into her own hands.

The emerald city

Almost five years have passed since Elphaba last saw her friends from the college. She hides in the emerald city and works in an underground movement that is fighting to free the ANIMALS and eliminate the magician. Fiyero, who now has children, comes to the Emerald City to negotiate with the politicians. He sees Elphaba as she prays to an image of Saint Glinda.

Fiyero follows her home, where they meet again. Fiyero leaves his wife Sarima and his children Irij, Manek and Nor in Kiamo Ko Castle and begins an intimate love affair with Elphaba. For the first time in her life, Elphaba is really happy. He learns that she has started with magic and tells her about Nessarose, who is also learning to do magic, and Glinda, who is now a trained sorceress.

Your life changes suddenly the day the underground movement is supposed to strike. Elphaba does not succeed in the endeavor because at the last second a group of children get into the line of fire. Fiyero, who is waiting in Elphaba's refuge, is overrun and dies by a storm troop who were actually looking for Elphaba.

In the Winkus

After a year of unconsciousness and six more years as a nun, Elphaba travels to Winkus, the country where Fiyero was a prince. There she meets his wife and children. Elphaba brings a boy named Liir, whom she doesn't actually know, but whom the nuns sent with her. They stay in Kiamo Ko for a year and a half. She tries to tell Sarima, Fiyero's wife, about the relationship between her and Fiyero, but Sarima refuses, saying that she doesn't want to talk about her husband. Fiyero's family, Elphaba and Liir unexpectedly grow together like one big family. But when Manek, one of Sarima's sons, persuades Liir to hide in a well and then leaves him there alone, Liir almost dies. The wrath of Elphaba causes an icicle to fall on Manek, killing him. Liir claims that while he was in the well, a FISH told him that Liir was Fiyero's son.

Elphaba receives a letter from her father Frex, asking her to come and help him speak to Nessarose, who has taken Elphaba's position as Eminence Thropp of Munchkinland. There she learns that Nessa has become a witch, the Wicked Witch of the East. She leaves after Nessa promises her that she will give Elphaba the famous gemstone shoes that Frex had made for her. The shoes have since been enchanted by Glinda, who has become like a sister to Nessa. When she returns to Kiamo Ko, Sarima, her sisters and children are gone, as the castle was attacked by soldiers of the wizard. Only Ämmchen and Liir are left behind and the Grimorium, a magical text that Elphaba found in the castle.

The murder and its aftermath

A storm breaks over Munchkinland and carries a house with it, which falls on Nessa and kills her. There is a little girl in the house named Dorothy and her puppy Toto. Glinda, who is nearby, matches Dorothy and sends her with Nessa's shoes to the Wizard of Oz, who she hopes can bring Dorothy back to Kansas (whom Glinda has never heard of). Elphaba appears at Nessa's funeral and is furious that Glinda gave Dorothy the shoes that rightfully belonged to her. She later meets with the wizard to negotiate the release of Nor, who was taken from Kiamo Ko by the wizard's army.

On the way back to Kiamo Ko, she comes across the Time Dragon watch, which is showing a special performance just for her. She sees that her father is not Frex, but the magician. Sometime after her return to Kiamo Ko, she learns that Dorothy and some friends of hers are on their way to Kiamo Ko, presumably to kill her. Upon their arrival, Dorothy explains to her that the wizard did indeed send her to kill the witch, but that she came to apologize for killing Elphaba's sister. To scare Dorothy, Elphaba waves through the air with her broom, which she has lit. A piece of the burning broom falls on Elphaba's dress, which catches fire. Unsuspecting, Dorothy pours a bucket of water over Elphaba to save her, but instead she kills the water. Dorothy is not bringing the Grimorium back because it is too difficult for her. Instead, she returns to the magician with the green bottle of wonder potions that the magician needed to make Elphaba's mother compliant. It is later believed that the wizard realized from the elixir that Elphaba was his daughter and took the unfolding of events as the last occasion to flee. Rumors of Dorothy's (and her strange dog) whereabouts are spreading in Oz, would she have returned to Kansas?

Characters

• Elphaba
  • The protagonist of the story that eventually becomes known as the Wicked Witch of the West. She receives this nickname as a result of her sister's nickname (the Wicked Witch of the East, as she was called by her political opponents) rather than any evil deeds. Wicked adds details on the social and political climate in the land of Oz, which make Elphaba a more personable character. Because of her care for the intelligent and speaking ANIMALS who suffer from the discriminatory and increasing genocidal political conduct of the magician, she comes into conflict with the magician. The girl Dorothy accidentally becomes involved in this conflict after her house kills Elphaba's sister Nessarose. Glinda gives Dorothy Nessarose's famous magical shoes. But Elphaba is afraid that they will end up in the hands of the wizard. She's allergic to water, which causes her to wash with oil instead.
• Nessarose
  • Elphaba's sister who eventually inherits the office of Eminence Thropp, leader of the Munchkinland. With this position she forces Munchkinland to fall away from the Land of Oz. As the political leader of Munchkinland, she has both supporters and opponents. Her unhappy citizens call her "The Wicked Witch of the East". Nessa is also her father's favorite child. She was born without arms, possibly due to her mother's attempts to prevent her having another green child. From her father she gets the gemstone shoes, which Glinda enchants so that Nessa can move more freely.
• Galinda
  • later Glinda, Elphaba's roommate in Shiz. At first she hates Elphaba because she sees her as an obstacle to her social position. Later, however, she and Elphaba become close friends. Sometimes the impression arises that Glinda feels more for Elphaba than just friendship, but there is no specific reference to this. In fact, after Elphaba went into hiding, Glinda is very worried about her, just as Elphaba is worried about Glinda, after all, they haven't seen each other for fifteen years. Glinda is part of the high society in Gillikin in the north of Oz.
• Fiyero
  • The Prince of Arijki. He meets Elphaba in Shiz and later has an affair with her while she is involved in an underground organization against the Wizard of Oz. This leads to the murder of him by the storm troop, the magician's secret police. Elphaba and Liir later settle at Fiyero's widow's house in Kiamo Ko.
• The Wizard of Oz
  • The dictator of Oz and the most important villain in history. Actually, he comes from Earth to Oz in a hot air balloon to look for the Grimorium. But he succeeds in a coup to usurp the rule of Oz. It is implied that the wizard Elphaba fathered while her mother was under the influence of the miracle elixir, which would explain Elphaba's green complexion and water allergy, as well as the ability to read portions of the grimorium (which came from Earth). After Elphaba's death and Dorothy's return to the Emerald City, the wizard hastily leaves Oz in another (or the same) balloon for the United States and plans his suicide. After Elphaba ingests the miracle elixir herself, she has visions of the future and sees that the wizard's attempt at suicide fails, which would coincide with Baum's books, in which the wizard later returns to Oz alive.
• Madame Akaber
  • The director of the Grattler College in Shiz. She is suspected by Elphaba and her friends of being responsible for the murder of Doctor Dillamond. She tries to use magical powers to turn Elphaba, Galinda and Nessarose into employees of the wizard, which she does not really succeed. She may be scouting Elphaba and sending messages to Liir with the help of a CARP that lives in a well near Kiamo Ko; the CARP dies around the same time as Akaber. Akaber dies of natural causes just minutes before Elphaba attempts to murder her.
• Doctor Dillamond
  • A talking GOAT and professor at the Grattler College in Shiz. Assisted by Elphaba, Dr. Dillamond the differences between ANIMALS and ANIMALS. He mysteriously dies of a slit throat; Madame Akaber claims it was an accident. The attempt at cover-up is thwarted by Galinda's aunt, Aunt Schnapp, who witnessed the murder and accuses Madame Akaber's mechanical servant Grommetik on her deathbed.
• Boq
  • A munchkin who grows up with Elphaba and meets her again in Shiz. At first he is only interested in dealing with Elphaba in order to end up with Galinda. Nevertheless, Boq and Elphaba become close friends over time and, together with their fellow students Krapp and Timmel, help Dr. Dillamond in his investigations. He later meets Elphaba again on Yellow Brick Street while she is on the hunt for Dorothy. He is now married to Milla, one of Glinda's friends in Shiz, and has many children.
• Dorothy Gale
  • A twelve year old girl who ends up with her house in Oz, which kills Nessarose. Glinda asks her to take Nessa's shoes, which are seen by many as a symbol of power over Munchkinland. During their journey, many citizens of Oz worship them for these shoes and their name. Her first name sounds like a reversal of the name of the "king" of her world ( Theodore Roosevelt ). Because her name means "goddess of gifts" (the opposite of Theodor , "gift of God"), she is taken for the return of the fairy Lurlina, who was also called that. The wizard sends Dorothy to Elphaba to kill her, but Dorothy's intention is to ask her forgiveness for Nessa's death. Dorothy accidentally kills Elphaba by ignorantly pouring a bucket of water over her to extinguish her dress, which has caught fire.
• Liir
  • A boy who leaves the monastery with Elphaba to travel to the Winkus. It is strongly suggested that Liir is the son of Elphaba and Fiyerus. Indeed, there is a year in Elphaba's life that she cannot remember due to illness and during which she may have given birth to Liir. Liir is the protagonist in Maguire's sequel to Wicked, "Son of a Witch".
• Shackle
  • A mysterious woman who appears regularly in Elphaba's life. For the first time, Ämmchen describes her as an old gypsy, from whom she gets the medicine for Melena so that her second child does not turn green too. Later she appears as the old porter of the philosophy club and finally as a nun in the monastery of St. Glinda, where she takes care of the homeless Elphaba.
• dwarf
  • Claims to have been sent to Oz as an immortal to prevent the Grimorium from returning to earth. He accompanies the clock of the time kite.
• Grometics
  • A tick-tack creature (similar to a robot) and servant of Madame Akaber. Presumably he's the one who murdered Doctor Dillamond on behalf of Madame Akaber. From the description in the novel, it is clear that he corresponds to "Tick-Tack" from the original Oz novel series by Baum.
• Umm
  • A member of the Thropp family, whether by blood or employed, is never explicitly mentioned. By the end of the book, she survived three Thropp generations. Mainly she appears as the aunt of Nessarose, Elphaba and Glinda in Shiz. At around eighty she is still very vital. She seems stoic and says straight out what she thinks. She belongs to Lurlinism.
• Frexspar
  • In short: Frex, is the father of Elphaba, Nessarose and Kroll (especially in the emotional sense, it is questionable whether he is the biological father of the children). Frex is a submissive unionist priest. Nessarose was his favorite child and he gave her the famous gemstone shoes.
• Chistery, Mordefroh, the bees and the crows
  • Are the animals, their confidants, who accompany Elphaba on their way to Kiamo Ko by carriage. The bees serve as a source of honey for the travelers and it is believed that Elphaba, through her magical talent, unwittingly incites him in his sleep on the cook of the tour group, whom she does not like and who is later found dead on an abyss. Glad, the cook's dog, has made friends with Liir, who decides to keep him. The crows are a gift from Princess Nastoya, who makes Elphaba an offer to send them to her if she needs help. On the way to Kiamo Ko, Elphaba meets Chistery, a young snow monkey, whom Elphaba rescues subconsciously, with magic, and whom she then raises. Elphaba tries to teach the monkey to speak, whereby he only manages to ape what others are saying. In Son of the Witch he finally manages to speak coherent sentences on his own. Elphaba lets him and the other monkeys grow wings by combining Doctor Dillamond's studies with her magical powers.
• Melena
  • The mother of Elphaba, Nessarose and Kroll and comes from a highly respected family. She lives mostly pagan traditions that contradict Frex's statements. She has a very lax moral attitude and dreams of her days as a pampered girl. She is inclined to alcohol and likes pointed lobar leaves.
• Avaric
  • A friend of Boq and Galinda. He is described as a "born asshole". Late in the novel, Elphaba visits him and they discuss evil with some friends.
• Krapp and Timmel
  • Boys who arrive in Shiz with Boq. Later they belong to the sworn community of friends around Elphaba in the first part of the book. Through their comments in the course of the story, a homophile tendency of the two can be assumed, but is not explicitly mentioned. Krapp later appears as a confidante of Glinda, Timmel goes mad through the experiences in the Philosophy Club (where he is raped in public by a tiger). He dies in St. Glinda Monastery after being nursed as a nun by Elphaba.
• Turtle heart
  • A traveling glass blower from Quadlingen. He comes to Melena's house when Frex is on a mission trip. Melena and Turtle Heart have an extensive affair and it is alluded to that an intimate contact has taken place with Frex. In all likelihood he is Nessarose's father.
• Aunt Snap
  • Galinda's chaperone in Shiz. Aunt Schnapp "loses" her health in a strange way after she witnessed the murder and Dr. Dillamond has become. Presumably she was bewitched by Madame Akaber after Glinda pretended in order to get a single room that Auntie Schnapp had a strange illness. She speaks to objects as if they were people.

Religions in Oz

• Unionism
  • Belief in the Nameless God is the greatest religion in Gillikin and Munchkinland. The distribution in the rest of Oz is not explained in detail. It is a monotheistic religion, comparable to Judaism, Christianity and Islam on earth. There are striking parallels with Christianity, especially with Catholicism. There are churches and monasteries, as well as a veneration of saints (e.g. Saint Glinda, the patroness of Galinda). The hierarchy is also similar, there are priests and bishops. The priests, e.g. B. Elphaba's father Frex, are often on mission trips. The unionist religion, like Christianity, has partly taken over the festivals of the mythological religions (on earth in Greece, with the Romans or in the Mithras cult) and adapted them to their own religion. For example, the festival in honor of the fairy queen Lurline is also celebrated in the unionist religion. Well-known unionists are in addition to Frex, z. B. Nessarose (although she is capable of sorcery, which would be more in line with the cult of joy), Boq and Doctor Dillamond.
• Lurlinism
  • Also called “paganism”, it is a mythological religion, similar to the cult of gods in ancient Rome or to Greek culture on earth. There is little information about this belief system. From the "Ozias", the Ozian mythology, it can be concluded that the primordial mother, fairy queen Lurline, is the archetype of the good. The Cumbrian witch, who represents the archetype of evil, is mentioned as the opposite pole. According to myth, Lurline is the origin of the various Ozmas who were monarchs of Oz until the magician came to power. Only a few older believers belong to Lurlinism, such as B. Umm.
• Cult of joy
  • A newer religion is characterized by the "clock of the time dragon", which is an important relic of the cult. Followers of this religion hold personal freedom and enjoyment very high. Alchemy , necromancy , herbal healing and sorcery are important ingredients. Frex, who preaches against the visit of the "clock of the time dragon", is followed by a lynch gang. Although Elphaba, Galinda and Nessarose are powerful at sorcery, there is nothing to indicate that they belong to this current. On earth, the cult of joy could correspond to esoteric currents.

Locations

The Ozian state of Muchkinland lies to the east of Oz and is ruled by the Eminence Thropp, Elphaba's maternal great-grandfather. The inhabitants of Munchkinland are usually of short stature, but Melena, Frex, Nessarose and Elphaba are also Munchkins, although they are of normal size. The two girls Elphaba and Nessarose were born there, Elphaba also spent her childhood there. In Binsenrain, as a toddler, she first met Boq at a childcare worker. After the death of Elphaba's great-grandfather, who survived his granddaughter Melena, Nessarose takes over the office of Eminence Thropp. Muchkinland is the venue for the first part.

Shiz is the university town of Oz and is located in the northern state of Gillikin, not far from the Emerald City. A railway line leads to Shiz, where Galinda and Doctor Dillamond meet for the first time. The University of Oz is divided into three well-known colleges, separated by gender. There is the Brischko College and the Three Queen College, which are only accessible to men, and the Grattler College, under the direction of Madame Akaber, which is only accessible to girls. An extensive library is housed in the three queens college. In addition to a few student bars, Shiz is also home to the infamous Philosophy Club. Shiz is the venue for the second part.

The Emerald City is the capital and seat of government of Oz. It is right in the middle of the country and surrounded by the yellow brick road. Green and gold are the predominant colors, and in the middle of the city is the castle. There the Wizard of Oz rules, who ended the reign of the Ozmas with a coup. In addition to cafes and shops, the emerald city also has schools, an opera and a theater as well as a deer park without deer. After the unsuccessful visit to the magician, Elphaba goes into hiding here. The emerald city is the setting in the third part of the book.

Kiamo Ko is the castle of the Arjiki in the border country to the Winkus. It used to be a waterworks and was rebuilt by Fiyero's ancestors. His wife and children as well as his wife's nine sisters also live with Fiyero in Kiamo Ko. Later Elphaba and Liir and Ämmchen move to Kiamo Ko. After Fiyero's wife and children flee, the castle serves as Elphaba's shelter and apartment. This is where the events of Dorothy and Elphaba's death take place.

Objects

The Grimorium (derived from English grimoire = magic book) is a magical book that originally came from Earth, but was brought to Oz by a magician to protect it from abuse. The Wizard of Oz is looking for this book and it is the real reason he's coming to Oz. It comes into the possession of Elphaba. While there is a single book in the musical (there it is called "Grimmerich"), of which there are no duplicates, it must be pointed out that Elphaba speaks of "a" grimorium in the novel, so that one can assume that it is the term grimorium is an Ozianic word for a magic book and that there are several, perhaps different versions of it. The book is bound in black leather and has worn, purple pages written on in glistening silver ink.

The miracle elixir is a bottle with a potion that Elphaba carries with her all her life. It was once offered to Elphaba's mother, who drank from it and had bizarre dreams about it. It must have been the Wizard of Oz who administered the potion to Melena and produced Elphaba while the elixir was taking effect. Later in her life, Elphaba also takes some of the potion and has prophetic dreams as a result. Some are so disturbing to her that she hardly sleeps for the rest of her life. This may have led to the decline of her mind towards the end of her life. Dorothy brings a bottle of this miraculous elixir to the wizard as evidence of Elphaba's death. While the magic potion is the cause of her green skin color in the musical, this is not explicitly stated in the book, but it is still likely.

The time kite clock is a kind of traveling puppet theater with mechanical figures depicting prophetic scenes. At the top of the tower-like structure, which contains the theater, is a painted clock that continuously stands at one minute before midnight, above which there is a dragon that looks so lifelike that the audience gets a shiver every time. The clock of the time dragon is the center and most important relic of the cult of joy and is accompanied by the dwarf. Elphaba is born in the clock of the time dragon and learns from her that the Wizard of Oz is her actual father. Many of the characters shown in the time kite's clock are later hunted down and killed or at least constantly molested, including Elphaba's parents and turtle heart.

A glass bowl with magical powers, which is made of green glass by Turtle Heart. It is one of the first children's toys from Elphaba. She used it for clairvoyance as a child and shortly before her death.

The flying broom that Schackel gave Elphaba.

The gemstone shoes are made by Schackel. Frex decorates them using turtle heart techniques. They are a present for Nessarose, which she receives from her father shortly after she arrives in Shiz, thus expressing his special affection for her. They are later repaired and enchanted by Galinda and become the main source of the emotional, personal, and political conflict in the final part of the book.

Adaptations

musical

A musical based on the book, Wicked , has been running successfully on Broadway and other venues around the world since 2003 .

TV mini series

The actress Salma Hayek is producing an eight-part mini-series of Wicked together with the US TV broadcaster ABC , which, however, will be more based on the plot of the book and is not designed as a musical. Erik Jendersen will write the script .

Feature films

The Witches of Oz Original title The Witches of Oz (2011) , USA, running time 160 minutes (110 min., Shortened theatrical version), fantasy film, by Leigh Scott, with Paulie Rojas and Billy Boyd.

expenditure

• Gregory Maguire: Wicked. The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West . ReganBooks, New York 1995, ISBN 0-06-039144-8
• Gregory Maguire: Wicked - The Witches of Oz. The true story of the Wicked Witch of the West (Original title: Wicked. The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West ). From the American by Hans-Ulrich Möhring . Klett-Cotta (Hobbit Press), 1st edition 2008, ISBN 978-3-608-93811-1

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.space-view.de/news/2011/01/2011013496/hayek_entwickelt_wicked-miniserie.html
2. ↑ The Witches of Oz

swell

• Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West Study Guide The social concerns section ( April 2, 2007 memento on the Internet Archive ) was used as the source.
• The German edition for the German names and designations.

Web links

• GregoryMaguire.com - Author's official homepage with discussion forum
• Details and information about the novel and the musical on the official Stephen Schwartz fan page
• Information about the book, author and a reading sample