Wilhelm Eschweiler

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Wilhelm Eschweiler (born December 1, 1860 in Euskirchen ; † March 31, 1936 ) was a German chemist. He was a professor at the Polytechnic in Hanover .

Eschweiler passed the school leaving examination (Obersekunda) at the Knickeberg Institute in Telgte and completed an apprenticeship as a pharmacist in Goch . He then traveled to pharmacies in Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Elberfeld, Wiesbaden, Metz and Hamburg and then studied pharmacy at the University of Munich with the state examination in 1886. A year later he was Karl Kraut's assistant at the Inorganic Institute of the TH Hannover. During this time as an assistant in Hanover, he received his doctorate in 1889 at the University of Rostock (contributions to the knowledge of formaldehyde). In 1892 he became a private lecturer in analytical chemistry in Hanover, where he also taught food chemistry. In 1895 he received the title of professor. From 1900 to 1934 he was a lecturer in special analytical chemistry and in 1921 he became an associate professor. From 1927 to 1929 he was senior assistant.

He dealt in particular with mineral dyes, polythionic acids and was considered an expert on explosives and gunpowder. In the latter area, he was often active as a consultant in industry and examined, among other things, the explosion ( explosion of the Oppau nitrogen plant ) in Ludwigshafen-Oppau in 1921. Much of his research was published in his students' diploma theses and dissertations. One of his students was Fritz Strassmann .

The Eschweiler-Clarke methylation is named after him and Hans Thacher Clarke . The work on this was published by Eschweiler in 1905 (Chem. Ber., Volume 38, 1905, pp. 880-892) and Clarke in 1933. It is therefore sometimes only known as the Eschweiler method.

Fonts

  • About the constitution of the acid amides, reports of the German chemical society, year 30, 1897, issue 8
  • Replacement of hydrogen atoms bound to nitrogen by the methyl group with the aid of formaldehyde, reports of the German chemical society. Vol. 38, No. 1, 1905

literature

  • Anonymous: Obituary in Angewandte Chemie, Volume 49, 1936, p. 290
  • W. Biltz, K. Seubert: Wilhelm Eschweiler on his 70th birthday on December 1, 1930, Angewandte Chemie, Volume 43, 1930, p. 1037
  • Holm-Dietmar Schwarz: Entry in Deutsche Apotheker-Biographie , supplementary volume 1, 1986, p. 108f
  • Poggendorff, biographical literary writer. Short dictionary exact Naturwiss., IV, 394
  • University of Hannover: Catalogus Professorum University 1831–1981, Festschrift of the University of Hannover 2, Stuttgart 1981

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Life data according to John Andraos Named Organic Reactions EH, pdf
  2. ↑ The dissertation was published in Darmstadt: CF Winter Buchdr., 1889
  3. ↑ HT Clarke, HB Gillespie, S. Weisshaus, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 55, 1933, 4571-4587
  4. ↑ Enciclopedia Treccani, Italian (there the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction is called the Eschweiler method)
  5. ↑ Even with the entry by Schwarz in the Deutsche Apotheker-Biographie, only Eschweiler's reaction is mentioned. It is described there as the representation of tertiary amines (trimethylamine) from formaldehyde and ammonium salts .
personal data
SURNAME Eschweiler, Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH December 1, 1860
PLACE OF BIRTH Euskirchen
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1936