Vishneva
| Vishneva | Vishnewo | |||
| Вішнева | Вишнево | |||
| ( Belarus. ) | ( Russian ) | |||
| State : |
 Belarus
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| Woblasz : |
 Minsk
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| Coordinates : | 54 ° 8 ' N , 26 ° 14' E | ||
| Time zone : | Moscow time ( UTC + 3 ) | ||
| Postal code : | 222343 | ||
| License plate : | 5 | ||
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Vishnyeva or Vishnevo ( belarusian Вішнева ; Russian Вишнево ; polish Wiszniew ) is a place in Rayon Valozhyn the Minsk Region in Belarus near the Lithuanian border. The place name refers in all three languages on cherries (sour cherries).
history
In the second half of the 18th century Wiszniew was owned by the Polish Count Joachim Chreptowicz, the last Grand Chancellor of Lithuania .
From 1921 to 1939 the place belonged to the Nowogródek Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic . In September 1939 Wiszniew was occupied by the Red Army as a result of the German-Soviet non-aggression pact and incorporated into the Soviet Union ; in the German-Soviet War Wiszniew was captured by German troops in July 1941 and recaptured by the Red Army in July 1944. Wiszniew, now Vishneva, was added to the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic .
The Jewish community
For a long time the place was predominantly Jewish: in 1907 the place had 2,650 inhabitants, of whom 1863 were Jewish . Most of the Jewish residents were killed during the German occupation in World War II (see synagogue ), on August 30, 1942 alone, 1,100 residents were killed by the SS. The remaining survivors left the place; Only a few remains of the Jewish cemetery on the outskirts have survived.
In 1923 the future Israeli President Shimon Peres was born in Wiszniew, who emigrated to Palestine with his family in 1934 . Shimon Peres recalled this in his speech to the German Bundestag on January 27, 2010 on the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of National Socialism :
“When the Nazis marched into Wiszniewo, they ordered all Jews to assemble in the synagogue. My grandfather went in first, wrapped in the same prayer shawl that I wrapped myself in as a child. His family followed him. The doors were bolted from outside and the wooden building was set on fire. All that remained of the entire community was glowing ashes and smoke. "
Nahum Goldmann , the founder and long-time president of the World Jewish Congress , also comes from the town.
sons and daughters of the town
- Nahum Goldmann (1895–1982), President of the World Jewish Congress
- Yehoshua Rabinowitz (1911–1979), Israeli politician
- Shimon Peres (1923–2016), Israeli politician and president
Footnotes
- ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching : Weekly news from new land charts, geographical, statistical and historical books and things , Vol. 11. Haude & Spener, Berlin 1783, p. 381.
- ^ Speech by the President of the State of Israel Shimon Peres in the German Bundestag on January 27, 2010 on the website of the German Bundestag.
