Xoloitzcuintle
| Xoloitzcuintle | |||
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| FCI Standard No. 234 | |||
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| Alternative names: |
Xoloitzquintle, Xolo, Mexican hairless dog, Tepeizeuintli |
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| Withers height: |
25-60 cm |
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| Varieties : |
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| List of domestic dogs | |||
The Xoloitzcuintle [ʃoloit͡sˈkʷint͡ɬe] (spoken: Scholoitz-kuint-li, short: Xolo , also: Mexican hairless dog ) is a breed of dogs from Mexico recognized by the FCI ( FCI Group 5, Section 6, Standard No. 234 ).
Origin and history
The breed is not a modern breed, but has accompanied humans for around 3500 years. The naked dogs probably originated in Mexico. From there they spread to the American continent. Perhaps the earliest representation of such a dog , a clay figure, dates to around 1700 BC. Chr. And was in Tlatilco , Mexico found. This figure is actually the oldest representation of a dog on the American continent. The Xoloitzcuintle could have been a very valuable, respected dog by this time. The name comes from Aztec times and means something like "dog of the god Xolotl". Also in the Mexican Colima pottery, the 450 BC Dated to AD 250, the xoloitzcuintle was often depicted. In the 8th century AD, naked dogs can also be found in Peru. A later cross between Xoloitzcuintles and European society dogs produced the Chinese hairless dog .
A study published in 2013 shows that some American dog breeds date from pre-Columbian times and were hardly subject to European influences. According to this study, 30% of the female ancestors of the Xoloitzcuintle are of European origin. The evolutionary geneticist Peter Savolainen commented on this study in 2013: “Our results show that American dogs are a remnant of the original American culture. That shows how important it is to maintain their populations. "
description
Varieties
The FCI distinguishes three size varieties for the Xoloitzcuintle:
- Standard 46 to 60 cm (+2 cm tolerance for excellent specimens)
- Medium 36 to 45 cm
- Miniature 25 to 35 cm.
The CACIB is awarded separately for each of these varieties . There are also two fur varieties, which are not separated for the CACIB: The hairless variety and the hairless variety.
Xoloitzcuintle without hair
The dogs are hairless, only small tufts of hair can appear on the forehead and the tip of the tail. The color of the skin can be black, slate gray, liver or bronze, with pink or coffee colored spots allowed. The skin is soft, elastic and smooth. This dog has about 10 cm long "bat ears" and almond-shaped eyes, the color of which can vary from black to yellow. Most of the time, teeth are missing because the lack of teeth is genetically related to the lack of hair.
Xoloitzcuintle with hair
The dogs are completely covered with hair. While the standard did not impose any restrictions on its color, length and texture until 2012, the same colors are now required as for hairless dogs and the coat must be short. In contrast to the hairless representatives of the breed, a complete set of teeth is required here. The prescribed position of the ears has also changed with the standard from 2012: While the hairless variety must always keep the ears upright when paying attention, different positions of the ears were permitted here, as long as they are the same for both ears in the attentive dog. The same guidelines now apply to both varieties.
Breed problems
Hairlessness is inherited dominantly and acts in a homozygous form as a lethal factor , which leads to the death of the homozygous hairless embryos in the womb. Contrary to the distribution to be expected in a normal dominant-recessive inheritance , the mating of two hairless dogs leads to an average ratio of 2: 1 between hairless and hairy offspring. If, on the other hand, you pair a hairy dog with a hairless dog, half naked and hairy dogs are created. This type of breeding avoids the phenotypic expression of the lethal factor. However, according to the requirements of the breed standard, mating dogs with fur is only permitted if the dog with fur has descended from hairless ancestors for at least three generations. The partner must be absolutely hairless, dogs with fur may not be paired with each other. Because of this, this breed is sometimes viewed as a torture breed ; there is a demand to prohibit breeding with carriers of the defect gene.
Essence
A Xoloitzcuintle is kind, affectionate to his family, intelligent, dignified, and calm, and has great adaptability. He is usually suspicious of strangers, which makes him a good watchdog.
maintenance
The Xolo's skin is thicker and more robust than that of hairy dogs. The Mexican hairless dog is not overly sensitive to cold, comparable to short-haired dogs without an undercoat, e.g. B. Pinscher. In particular, the lighter areas of skin and generally the light-colored naked dogs must be protected from sunburn. Gray-black hairless dogs are hardly endangered, as they already use the first rays of the sun to enrich their skin with pigments, so that a “gray” dog in winter becomes a “black” dog in summer. If the dog is too hot, he prefers to lie in the shade.
use
Guard dog and family dog
literature
- Amy Fernandez (2013): Hairless Dogs: Origins (Dog History Shorts).
- Amy Fernandez (2009): Xoloitzcuintli. New York: Kennel Club Books, ISBN 978-1-59378-397-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ Barbara van Asch, Ai-bing Zhang, Mattias CR Oskarsson, Cornelya FC Klütsch, António Amorin, Peter Savolainen: Pre-Columbian origins of Native American dog breeds, with only limited replacement by European dogs, confirmed by mtDNA analysis. July 10, 2013, accessed August 16, 2013 .
- ↑ dal / dpa: Gene analysis: Dogs once came to America from Asia. July 10, 2013, accessed August 16, 2013 .
- ↑ a b FCI: Breeds with varieties and CACIB allocation. As of February 8, 2016
- ^ Club for Exotic Purebred Dogs: Message from the 1st Chairman. Changes in the breeds Perro sin Pelo del Peru and Xoloitzcuintle. Retrieved April 2, 2014
- ↑ Breed standard of the FCI for the Xoloitzcuintle from October 2010. ( Memento from April 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (The German translation was published by the FCI on July 13, 2011.)
- ↑ A. Herzog, Th. Bartels, M. Dayen, K. Loeffler, L. Reetz, B. Rusche, J. Unshelm: Expert opinion on the interpretation of Section 11 b of the Animal Welfare Act (prohibition of torture breeding). (PDF; 8.8 MB) June 2, 1999, accessed on February 24, 2016 .
