Xujiayao human

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As Xujiayao man ( Chinese  许 家窑 人 , Pinyin Xǔjiāyáorén , English Xujiayao Man ) are some fossils discovered in the north of the People's Republic of China , which are considered to be at least 100,000 years old. They were discovered between 1976 and 1979 in Xujiayao, Yanggao County , Shanxi Province , on the western bank of the Liyigou River, a tributary of the Sanggan He , and initially attributed to the so-called archaic Homo sapiens by Chinese experts . The assignment of Chinese finds of the genus Homo from this geological period to Homo sapiens is controversial, however, as it contradicts the genetic analyzes known today on the spread of humans , on the basis of which such fossils are more likely to be attributed to Homo erectus ; In a study published in 2013, the Xujiayao finds were cautiously called "Pleistocene Homo ".

Finds

Among other things, a fragment from the left half of the upper jaw of a six-year-old child (archive name: Xujiayao 1), 12 fragments from a parietal bone , two occipital bone fragments, a temporal bone and several teeth that may have belonged to several individuals were discovered.

Features of the cranial bone are: the bone wall is very thick, it reaches a thickness of more than one centimeter, the bone is relatively high at the widest point, the occiput is relatively wide; the strong teeth and ridged occlusion are similar to those of the Peking man . The fragments of a parietal bone, known as Xujiayao 11 , have features that are typical of mutations on chromosome 11 and chromosome 5 and have been interpreted as signs of possible inbreeding .

In the mid-1970s, a large number of stone tools and animal fossils from the Upper Pleistocene were discovered. Fossils discovered with the Xujiayao man include tiger , wolf , wild horse , Equus hemionus , Coelodonta antiquitatis , Bison sp., Sus scrofa , etc.

The paleoanthropologist Chris Stringer also pointed out in 2012 that the fossil could possibly belong to the Denisova people .

Dating

The uranium-thorium dating of a rhinoceros tooth from the same find horizon in 1984 resulted in a presumed age of 125,000 to 104,000 years and consequently dating to the Young Pleistocene . However, the fossils may also be much older, as a study published in 2014 found evidence of an age of 224,000 to 161,000 years.

Xujiayao site

The sites of Xujiayao and Houjiayao (Xujiayao-Houjiayao yizhi 许 家窑 - 侯 家窑 遗址) in Yanggao County have been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China since 1996 (4-2).

Coordinates: 40 ° 06 ′ 02 "N, 113 ° 58 ′ 39" E

See also

literature

  • Song Xing et al .: First systematic assessment of dental growth and development in an archaic hominin (genus, Homo) from East Asia. In: Science Advances. Volume 5, No. 1, 2019, eaau0930, doi: 10.1126 / sciadv.aau0930
  • Shanxi Sheng Kaogu Yanjiusuo (Institute of Archeology of Shanxi Province): Shanxi Jiushiqi shidai kaogu wenji 山西 旧石器时代 考古 文集 (Collected treatises on the Paleolithic in Shanxi Province). Taiyuan 1993, ISBN 753776318 ( overview ( Memento of May 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive ))
    • Contains the following Chinese works:
      • Jia Lanpo and Wei Qi: Yanggao Xujiayao Jiushiqi shidai wenhua yizhi (A Paleolithic site in Xujiayao (Hsuchiayao) in Yanggao County, Shanxi Province), p. 100 ff.
      • Jia Lanpo, Wei Qi and Li Chaorong: Xujiayao Jiushiqi shidai wenhua yizhi 1976 nian fajue baogao (report on the excavation of the Xujiayao (Hsuchiayao) people in 1976), p. 115 ff.
      • Wu Maolin: Xujiayao yizhi 1977 nian chutu de renlei huashi (Human fossils excavated in 1977 from the Xujiayao site), p. 126 ff.
      • Wu Maolin: Xujiayaoren niegu yanjiu (Examination of the temporal bone of Xujiayao people), p. 135
      • Wei QK: The Xujiayao People's Environment, p. 561 ff.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Xiu-Jie Wu et al .: An Enlarged Parietal Foramen in the Late Archaic Xujiayao 11 Neurocranium from Northern China, and Rare Anomalies among Pleistocene Homo. In: PLoS ONE. Volume 8, No. 3: e59587, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0059587
  2. ↑ Cihai ("Sea of ​​Words"), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5 , p. 1922.
  3. ↑ eurekalert.org of March 18, 2013: Skulls of early humans carry telltale signs of inbreeding, study suggests.
  4. ↑ Jia Lanpo, Excavation Report of 1976 on Xujiayao Palaeolithic Site in Collection of Archaeological Papers on the Palaeolithic Age by Jia Lanpo, (Wenwu Chubanshe, 1984), p.156, quoted from: Page no longer available , search in web archives:@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / bic.cass.cn
  5. ↑ Chris Stringer: The status of Homo heidelbergensis (Schoetensack 1908). In: Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. Volume 21, No. 3, 2012, pp. 101-107, doi: 10.1002 / evan.21311
  6. ↑ Chen Tiemei, Yuan Sixun and Gao Shijun: The study on uranium-series dating of fossil bones as an absolute age sequence for the main Paleolithic sites of North China. In: Acta Anthropologica Sinica. Volume 3, 1984, pp. 259-269
  7. ↑ Peter Brown : Chinese Middle Pleistocene hominids and modern human origins in east Asia. In: Lawrence Barham and Kate Robson Brown (Eds.): Human Roots. Africa and Asia in the Middle Pleistocene. Western Academic & Specialist Publishers, Bristol 2001, p. 142, ISBN 978-0953541843 , full text (PDF; 3.5 MB)
  8. ↑ Zhengtao Li et al .: Study on stratigraphic age, climate changes and environment background of Houjiayao Site in Nihewan Basin. In: Quaternary International. Volume 349, 2014, pp. 42-48, doi: 10.1016 / j.quaint.2014.06.003

Coordinates: 40 ° 6 ′ 2 ″  N , 113 ° 58 ′ 39 ″  E