Xylonomycetaceae

Xylonomycetaceae
	Xylona heveae - colony on potato dextrose agar
Systematics
Sub-kingdom :	Dikarya
Department :	Ascomycota mushrooms
Subdivision :	Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class :	Xylonomycetes
Order :	Xylonomycetales
Family :	Xylonomycetaceae
Scientific name of the class
	Xylonomycetes
	R. Gazis & Chaverri
Scientific name of the order
	Xylonomycetales
	R. Gazis & Chaverri
Scientific name of the family
	Xylonomycetaceae
	R. Gazis & Chaverri

According to the current state of research (May 2018), the family of the Xylonomycetaceae is the only family of the order of the Xylonomycetales within the only class of the Xylonomycetes .

features

Microscopic features of Xylona heveae : (G) chlamydospores , (H) phialides (IJ) conidia

The Xylonomycetaceae form secondary crop forms with pycnidia . They do not form a stroma . The pycnidia wall consists of thin-walled cells and forms a textura angularis , a parenchyma- like tissue. There is no opening, the ostiolum is absent. There are also no conidia carriers. The conidia-forming cells are single, smooth-walled, enteroblastic-phialidic , ie the conidia always arise at the open end of the hypha, with chains forming and the lowest cell being the youngest. The conidia are rounded at the top with two obtuse-angled projections that make them appear heart-shaped. At the base they are narrower and shortened. They are translucent when young , darkening when ripe. You are unsept .

Ecology and diffusion

Xylonomycetaceae are endophytes , but in very different habitats. The type species Xylona hevea grows, for example, in the sapwood and leaves of Hevea species in Peru. The genus Symbiotaphrina includes endosymbionts in beetles, DNA sequences that are attributed to the same genus are undescribed species, the endophytic in dragon trees live. The genus Trinosporium lives in the mushroom fruit bodies of lacquer porcupine relatives (Ganodermataceae).

Systematics and taxonomy

The family was first described by Romina Gazis and Priscilla Chaverri only with the genus Xylona in 2012 . It was later discovered in a 2016 study that the monotypic genus Trinosporium also belongs to the class. In addition, the genus Symbiotaphrina was placed in the class, with some authors forming their own order, the Symtaphrinales. However, this is recognized as a nomen nudum , so Baral et al. Describe the order anew with the only one being the Symbiotaphrinaceae family. At the moment (May 2018) all three genera are still counted among the Xylonomycetaceae:

Symbiotaphrina
Trinosporium with the only species Trinosporium guianense
Xylona

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c R. Gazis, J. Miadlikowska, F. Lutzoni, AE Arnold, P. Chaverri: Culture-based study of endophytes associated with rubber trees in Peru reveals a new class of Pezizomycotina: Xylonomycetes . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 65 , 2012, p. 294–304 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2012.06.019 ( PDF ).
↑ ^a ^b HO Baral, E. Weber, G. Marson, L. Quijad: A new connection between wood saprobism and beetle endosymbiosis: the rarely reported saprobic discomycete Tromeropsis is congeneric with the symbiotic yeast Symbiotaphrina (Symbiotaphrinales, Xylonomycetes) and two asexual morphs misplaced in Hyphozyma . In: Mycological Progress . tape 17 , no. 1–2 , 2018, pp. 215-254 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-017-1340-y ( PDF ).
↑ ^a ^b Romina Gazis, Alan Kuo, Robert Riley, Kurt LaButti, Anna Lipzen, Junyan Lin, Mojgan Amirebrahimi, Cedar N. Hesse, Joseph W. Spatafora, Bernard Henrissat, Matthieu Hainaut, Igor V.Grigoriev, David S. Hibbett: The genome of Xylona heveae provides a window into fungal endophytism . In: Fungal Biology . tape 120 , no. 1 , 2016, p. 26–42 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2015.10.002 ( PDF ).
↑ Xylonomycetaceae . In: MycoBank . Mycobank, accessed June 7, 2018 .
↑ Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .

Web links

Commons : Xylonomycetes - collection of images, videos and audio files

[Gazis2012-1] A ^b ^c R. Gazis, J. Miadlikowska, F. Lutzoni, AE Arnold, P. Chaverri: Culture-based study of endophytes associated with rubber trees in Peru reveals a new class of Pezizomycotina: Xylonomycetes . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 65 , 2012, p. 294–304 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2012.06.019 ( PDF ).

[Baral2018-2] HO Baral, E. Weber, G. Marson, L. Quijad: A new connection between wood saprobism and beetle endosymbiosis: the rarely reported saprobic discomycete Tromeropsis is congeneric with the symbiotic yeast Symbiotaphrina (Symbiotaphrinales, Xylonomycetes) and two asexual morphs misplaced in Hyphozyma . In: Mycological Progress . tape 17 , no. 1–2 , 2018, pp. 215-254 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-017-1340-y ( PDF ).

[Gazis2016-3] Romina Gazis, Alan Kuo, Robert Riley, Kurt LaButti, Anna Lipzen, Junyan Lin, Mojgan Amirebrahimi, Cedar N. Hesse, Joseph W. Spatafora, Bernard Henrissat, Matthieu Hainaut, Igor V.Grigoriev, David S. Hibbett: The genome of Xylona heveae provides a window into fungal endophytism . In: Fungal Biology . tape 120 , no. 1 , 2016, p. 26–42 , doi : 10.1016 / j.funbio.2015.10.002 ( PDF ).

[Mycobank-4] Xylonomycetaceae . In: MycoBank . Mycobank, accessed June 7, 2018 .

[Outline-5] Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Kevin D. Hyde, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Jian Kui Liu, Sajeewa SN Maharachchikumbura, Anusha H. Ekanayaka, Qing Tian, Rungtiwa Phookamsak: Outline of Ascomycota: 2017 . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 88 , 2018, p. 167-263 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-018-0394-8 .