Yangochiroptera

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Yangochiroptera
Great noctule (Nyctalus noctula)

Great noctule ( Nyctalus noctula )

Systematics
Class : Mammals (mammalia)
Subclass : Higher mammals (Eutheria)
Superordinate : Laurasiatheria
without rank: Scrotifera
Order : Bats (chiroptera)
Subordination : Yangochiroptera
Scientific name
Yangochiroptera
Koopman , 1984

The Yangochiroptera ( Syn .: Vespertilioniformes) are a subordination of the bats (Chiroptera). It was introduced in 1984 after it was found that the bats (Microchiroptera) are a paraphyletic group. The Yangochiroptera include all families that originally belonged to the bats, except for those that belong to the superfamily of the horseshoe bat-like (Rhinolophoidea).

features

The close relationship of the groups that originally belonged to the bats, excluding the horseshoe bat, is based on molecular biological studies and is not supported by morphological features.

Internal system

The bats, together with the flying foxes (Megachiroptera), are one of the traditional suborders of the bats (Chiroptera). Current molecular studies show, however, that the horseshoe bat-like (Rhinolophoidea), a group of bats, are more closely related to the flying foxes than to the other bats. The bats become a paraphyletic group, which is undesirable in a modern system where all descendants of a common ancestor should belong to a ( monophyletic ) group. Today the bats are therefore divided into the Yinpterochiroptera or Pteropodiformes, that is the clade of the flying foxes and horseshoe bat-like and the Yangochiroptera or Vespertilioniformes, the clade of the other bats. The bats lose their taxonomic rank, but the term is still part of many common names of individual species.

The Yangochiroptera have the rank of subordination within the bats. There are three superfamilies and 14 families.

Internal systematics of the bats
 Chiroptera 
  Yangochiroptera  
  Emballonuroidea  

 Smooth-nosed cantails (Emballonuridae)


   

 Slit noses (Nycteridae)



   
  Noctilionoidea  

 Malagasy sticky disc bats (Myzopodidae)


   

 New Zealand bats (Mystacinidae)


   


 Chin-leaf bats (Mormoopidae)


   

 Leaf noses (Phyllostomidae)



   

 American disc bats (Thyropteridae)


   

 Stump thumb (Furipteridae)


   

 Rabbit mouths (Noctilionidae)







  Vespertilionoidea  


 Smooth-nosed (Vespertilionidae)


   

 Bulldog bats (Molossidae)



   

 Funnel ears (Natalidae)





   

 Yinpterochiroptera



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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hoofer, SR, Reeder, SA, Hansem, EW, Van Den Bussche, RA 2003. Molecular Phylogenetics and Taxonomic Review of Noctilionoid and Vespertilionoid Bats (Chiroptera: Yangochiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy 84 (3): 809-821. doi: 10.1644 / BWG-034
  2. ↑ a b c James M. Hutcheon and John AW Kirsch. A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats . Acta Chiropterologica 8 (1): 1-10. 2006 doi : 10.3161 / 1733-5329 (2006) 8 [1: AMFDTM] 2.0.CO; 2
  3. ↑ Miller-Butterworth, CM, Murphy, WJ, O'Brien SJ, Jacobs, DS, Springer, MS & Teeling, EC 2007. A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24 (7): 1553-1561. doi: 10.1093 / molbev / msm076
  4. ^ Teeling, EC, Scally, M., Kao, DJ, Romagnoli, ML, Springer, MS, Stanhope, MJ 2000. Molecular evidence regarding the origin of echolocation and flight in bats. Nature 403: 188-192. doi: 10.1038 / 35003188
  5. ↑ Emma C. Teeling, Ole Madsen, Ronald A. Van Den Bussche, Wilfried W. de Jong, Michael J. Stanhope and Mark S. Springer (2002). Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a key innovation in Old World rhinolophoid microbats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (3): 1431-1436. doi: 10.1073 / pnas.022477199
  6. ^ Teeling, EC, Madsen, O., Murphy, WJ, Springer, MS & O'Brien, SJ 2003. Nuclear gene sequences confirm an ancient link between New Zealand short-tailed bats and South American noctilionoid bats. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28 (2): 308-319. doi: 10.1016 / S1055-7903 (03) 00117-9
  7. ↑ a b Teeling, EC; Springer, M .; Madsen, O .; Bates, P .; O'Brien, S .; Murphy, W. (2005). A Molecular Phylogeny for Bats Illuminates Biogeography and the Fossil Record . Science. 307 (5709): 580-584. doi: 10.1126 / science.1105113
  8. ↑ Teeling, EC, Dool, S., Springer, MS 2012. Phylogenies, fossils and functional genes: the evolution of echolocation in bats. pp. 1-22, in Gunnell, GF & Simmons, NB (Eds.) Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  9. ↑ Van Den Bussche, RA & Hoofer, SR 2004. Phylogenetic relationships among recent chiropteran families and the importance of choosing appropriate out-group taxa. Journal of Mammalogy 85 (2): 321-330. doi : 10.1644 / 1545-1542 (2004) 085 <0321: PRARCF> 2.0.CO; 2
  10. ↑ Springer, MS, Teeling, EC, Madsen, O., Stanhope, MJ & de Jong, WW 2001. Integrated fossil and molecular data reconstructed bat echolocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98 (11): 6241-6246. doi: 10.1073 / pnas.111551998
  11. ^ Koopman, KF 1985. A synopsis of the families of bats. Part VII. Bat Research News 25, 25-27
  12. ↑ Yangochiroptera Koopman, 1984 at ITIS