Toothless diaper snail
| Toothless diaper snail | ||||||||||||
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Toothless diaper snail ( Columella edentula ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Columella edentula | ||||||||||||
| ( Draparnaud , 1805) |
The toothless diaper snail ( Columella edentula ) is a type of snail of the family of diaper snails (Vertiginidae) from the suborder of land snails (Stylommatophora).
features
The housing of the toothless diaper snail is 2.5 to 3 mm high and 1.3 to 1.5 mm wide. It is conical-cylindrical and decreases to a flat-conical and rounded apex. It has 5½ to 6½ slightly convex-curved turns, which are separated from each other by a slightly deep seam. It is matt yellowish brown or light horn brown, the surface is shiny and only indistinctly fine stripes. Occasionally a gray speckle can be observed on the first turns. The shell is thin and translucent. The last turn increases more than the middle turns. The mouth is elliptically rounded, almost straight flattened at the top and therefore only slightly higher than it is wide. The mouth rim is simple and fragile and only bent over in the spindle area. This almost completely covers the needle-shaped navel. The soft body is light; the lower feelers are missing.
In the male part of the sexual apparatus, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) branches off very high up from the egg duct (sperm duct). The spermatic duct is not twisted and merges into the epiphallus. This is shorter than the comparatively thick penis. The retractor muscle attaches to the epiphallus halfway through its length. The free fallopian tube is short, but the cylindrical vagina is very long. The stem of the spermathec is very short, the oblong, ovoid bladder is very small.
Similar species
The shell of the toothless diaper snail is very similar to the shell of the rough diaper snail ( Columella aspersa ). In this type, the apex of the housing is more pointed, but also more pressed; d. H. slightly lower with a slightly larger width. The case is a bit lighter.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The range of the species stretches from Europe (except probably only the northernmost and southernmost parts) to East Asia ( Kamchatka ) and northern North America. On the Balkan Peninsula, it still occurs in northern Albania and Bulgaria. Further in the east it has been proven as far as the Caucasus. In Switzerland it was found up to an altitude of 2300 m, in Bulgaria up to 1500 m above sea level.
The species prefers to live in moist to wet biotopes in swamps, forests, bushes, alluvial forests, on brook banks and river banks with strong vegetation. Here the animals can often find themselves in the moist tall herbaceous corridors on the underside of the leaves of cabbage thistle ( Cirsium oleraceum ), lady fern ( Athyrium filix-femina ), pear silver root ( Dryas octopetala ), white butterbur ( Petasites albus ), spiky devil's claw ( Phyteuma spicata ) and small meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris ). Later in the year they are more likely to be found in the leaf litter and under dry plant material. They need calcareous soils and do not tolerate the biotope drying out.
Reproduction and way of life
In Poland, adult specimens laid eggs around mid-April. The eggs are 0.69 to 0.76 mm long and 0.64 to 0.72 mm wide. The shell is not calcified, the eggs are deposited individually. The young hatch after about 20 days with a housing consisting of 1.4 to 1.45 coils. The surface of the embryonic casing shows numerous, comparatively large tubercles. Most of the young hatch in late May to early June. They grow slowly and overwinter half-grown. They do not keep an obligatory hibernation. When the weather is mild in winter, they come out of their hiding place and eat. However, the increase in the housing does not begin again until May of the following year. Probably they reach sexual maturity with about 5 coils in the second year of life. They overwinter a second time and in the third year they reach their final size of 6.5 turns. They are likely to live up to three years.
Taxonomy
The species was first described as Pupa edentula in 1805 in a posthumous work by Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud . It is de facto the type species of Columella Westerlund, 1878, since the formal type species Pupa inornata Michaud, 1831 is a younger synonym of Pupa edentula .
Danger
The species is not endangered in Germany. According to the assessment of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the species is also not endangered across the entire range .
supporting documents
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 105)
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 140)
- Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. 404 p., Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1954 (p. 35/6).
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 86)
- Stanisław Myzyk: Egg structure of some vertiginid species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae). Folia Malacologica, 13 (4): 169-174 2005 PDF
- Beata M. Pokryszko: The Vertiginidae of Poland (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pupilloidea) - a systematic monograph. Annales Zoologici, 43 (8): 133-257, Warsaw 1990.
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 121)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stanisław Myzyk: Contribution to the biology of ten vertiginid species. Folia Malacologica, 19 (2): 55-80, Warsaw 2011 doi : 10.2478 / v10125-011-0004-9 .
- ^ Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud: Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Ouvrage posthumous. SI-VIII, pp. 1-134, plates 1-13, Paris & Montpellier, Plassan & Renaud, 1805 Description at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (pp. 59/69), plate 3, Fig. 29 at www.biodiversitylibrary .org .
- ^ Animal base: Columella Westerlund, 1878
- ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 p., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 58)
- ↑ Columella edentula in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2013.2. Posted by: Seddon, MB & Killeen, I., 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
