Cedar oil

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cedar oil or cedar wood oil ( Oleum cedri or Oleum cedri ligni ) is an essential oil obtained from the wood of certain types of cedar .

Atlas cedar ( Cedrus atlantica )

Of the three species of the cedar genus ( Cedrus ) worldwide - the Atlas cedar ( Cedrus atlantica ), the Himalayan cedar ( Cedrus deodora ) and the Lebanon cedar ( Cedrus libani ) - the Atlas cedar and the Himalayan cedar are mainly used today used for essential oil extraction. Cedar essential oil in Lebanon ( Oleum cedri verum ) has not been commercially available for a century; the strongly declining population of Cedrus libani there is protected.

A special mode of action is ascribed to the essential oil of cedar. The literature warns against false declarations in which oils from woods from other plant families with different biochemical compositions are given as "cedar oil". The thick oil known as (optical) cedar oil mostly comes from Juniperus species. The so-called cedar nut oil is obtained from the Siberian stone pine or other pines.

As cedar resin ( Resina cedri ) or cedar gum is a the mastic -like resin referred to, which is yellowish-white, transparent, friable and perfumed; this resin flows out of the bark of the cedar by itself or after making incisions.

Extraction and composition

The essential oil of the cedar is obtained by means of steam distillation from the wood and sawdust of the cedar. The oil is brownish yellow and smells pleasant, balsamic-woody, spicy. The oils from Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar oil) and from Cedrus libani (real cedar oils ) mainly consist of the sesquiterpenes Himalachian , Himalachol , Atlanton , Deodaron and the diterpene Manool as well as the alcohol Longborneol . The composition of the oil obtained from Cedrus deodora (Deodar cedar oil) is similar.

Besides be from the wood by means of solvent extraction also resinoids ( resin and balms won).

Adulterations

Cedar oil

In addition to the essential oils actually obtained from plants of the genus cedar ( Cedrus ), the actual cedar oil, oils are also offered on the market under the name "cedar oil" that are only partially or not at all from cedar species.

For the production of such botanically ambiguous or incorrectly declared oils, wood from other plants is used, mostly that of the cypress family (Cupressaceae). These include the Chinese juniper ( Juniperus chinensis ) ("China cedar oil") and the Virginian juniper ( Juniperus virginiana ) ("Bedford cedar oil" or "Virginia cedar oil") and Juniperus ashei ("Texas cedar oil"). Also cypress family are used as the tears cypress ( Cupressus funebris ) and the Oriental arborvitae ( Platycladus orientalis ) ( "China cedar oil") and Lawson ( Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ) ( "Port Orford cedar oil") or the Nootka cypress ( Chamaecyparis nootkatensis ) ("Alaska cedar oil"). These viscous oils are transparent, light yellow to brown, reddish brown, depending on their origin. The density is approx. 0.94–0.965 g · ml −1 , so these are quite heavy oils. They contain the sesquiterpenes Cedren , Thujopsen and Cedrol as main components , whereby the "China Cedar Oils " differ somewhat.

Other oils to be mentioned in this context are Japanese (Hiba-, Hinoki-, Sugiöl) ("Japanese cedar oil", cypress oil) and African "cedar oils" of various types, e.g. B. from the Hiba arborvitae ( Thujopsis dolobrata ) and the sickle fir ( Cryptomeria japonica ) as well as the Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa ) and the East African juniper ( Juniperus procera ) ("Kenya cedar oil", "East Africa cedar oil"). Oil is also produced from the West Indian cedar ( Cedrela odorata ) ("West Indian cedar oil").

Leaves and branches of various types of Thuja are also used, such as B. from the oriental tree of life ( Platycladus orientalis ) or the western tree of life ( Thuja occidentalis ), which are incorrectly referred to as cedars. These plants have little to do with the cedar and belong to other plant families. Their oils are thinner and colorless to greenish-yellow with a camphor odor .

Many of the warnings about the use of "cedar oil" relate to false declarations of oils from the aforementioned plants. Because Thujagewächse contain the neurotoxin thujone ; their oils must by no means be equated with cedar oil. However, “thuja oils” ( oleum thujae, “white cedar oil”) are still declared in such a way that they can easily be confused with essential cedar oil. Therefore, one must pay attention to the botanical name of a cedar oil in order to avoid side effects that can arise from incorrect use. Because what oil is in a bottle is not given by the German name, only the botanical name.

use

Cedar oil is used as a repellent and preservative for cupboards, boxes and books, especially codices with wood binding. In optics it is used as an immersion liquid . It is also used for medical applications and as a protection against insects and rodents . Cedar wood is also used in perfumery; it is part of the well-known Pitralon Classic aftershave . Cedar wood is also used in aromatherapy .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ CJ Meyer (Ed.): New Conversations Lexicon. 4th volume, Bibliographisches Institut, 1858, p. 503 f, online at Bayerische Staatsbibliothek , accessed on November 15, 2017.
  2. ↑ AM Saab, FY Harb, WA Koenig: Essential oils components in heart wood of Cedrus Libani and Cedrus Atlantica from Lebanon. In: Minerva Biotec. 17 (3), 2005 pp. 159-61, online at researchgate.net, accessed on November 16, 2017.
  3. ↑ Andrea Büttner (Ed.): Springer Handbook of Odor. Springer, 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-26930-6 , p. 49 f.
  4. ^ A b c d Robert Tisserand, Rodney Young: Essential Oil Safety. Second Edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2014, ISBN 978-0-443-06241-4 , pp. 237-241, 301.
  5. ↑ a b c Steffen Arctander (Ed.): Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin. Denmark 1960, pp. 138-147, online at babel.hathitrust.org, accessed November 16, 2017.
  6. ^ A b Robert P. Adams, Shufen Li: The Botanical Source of Chinese Cedarwood Oil: Cupressus funebris or Cupressaceae Species? In: Journal of Essential Oil Research. 20 (3), 2008, doi: 10.1080 / 10412905.2008.9700001 .
  7. ^ John H. Wiersema, Blanca León: World Economic Plants. CRC Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8493-2119-0 , p. 124.
  8. ^ Ullmann's Food and Feed. Vol. 3, Willey, 2017, ISBN 978-3-527-33990-7 , pp. 1169 f.
  9. ^ Heinz A. Hoppe: Drug Science. Volume 2, 8th edition, De Gruyter, 1977, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-084414-6 (reprint), p. 238.
  10. ^ Paul Heermann, Alois Herzog: Microscopic and mechanical-technical textile investigations. 3rd edition, Springer, 1931, ISBN 978-3-642-98596-6 , p. 87.
  11. ↑ Burkhard Meißner : The technological specialist literature of antiquity. Akademie Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-05-003194-8 , p. 266.

Web links

  • Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon. Volume 20, Leipzig 1909, p. 861 .: Cedar oil at Zeno.org .