Hinoki cypress
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Hinoki cypress |
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| ( Siebold & Zucc. ) Endl. |
The Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa ), occasionally Hinoky cypress written or clam cypress called, is a plant from the family of the cypress family (Cupressaceae).
The Hinoki cypress is one of the "Five Trees of Kiso ", which were placed under nature protection in 1708 in the Owari fief .
description
The Hinoki false cypress is an evergreen tree that can reach heights of 35 to 40 meters and a trunk diameter of 1.2 to 3 meters. Its marked, dark green leaves and broad columnar growth are striking. In the case of free-standing trees, the widely spreading branches reach down to the ground. The bark is reddish-brown. The flaky leaves are pressed tightly against the branches.
The Hinoki false cypress is monoecious ( monoecious ). The ripe cones are spherical with a diameter of 8 to 12 millimeters and have eight to ten seed scales. The winged seeds are about 3 millimeters long.
In Japan , their pollen, which occurs in April / May, is one of the most common causes of hay fever .
The number of chromosomes for both varieties is 2n = 22.
use
In Japan this cypress species is one of the tree species that is also valued in forestry. In Europe, the Hinoki cypress can only be found very rarely as a pure species in botanical gardens . There are numerous cultivated varieties that are characterized by lower growth and / or a different leaf color.
In Japan, the essential hinoki oil is extracted from the wood and the leaves .
Forestry use
Hinoki false cypresses are cultivated as a precious wood in Japan, called Hinoki there ( Japanese 檜 , 桧 ) . The wood is used for the construction of palaces , temples and shrines as well as for the traditional Noh theaters . It is also a popular material for making table tennis bats. The wood smells of lemon and is light in color.
Systematics and distribution
The German botanists Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini published a description under the taxon Retinispora obtusa in the second volume of their joint work Flora japonica in 1844 . The Austrian botanist Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher referred to this basionyma in 1847 , but assigned the species to the genus of false cypresses under the current taxon Chamaecyparis obtusa .
Further synonyms for the species are Chamaecyparis breviramea Maxim. and Cupressus obtusa K. Koch .
There are two varieties:
- Chamaecyparis obtusa var. Formosana (Hayata) Rehder ( Syn . : C. obtusa forma formosana Hayata , C. taiwanensis Masamune & Suzuki ): The cones are 7 to 9 millimeters smaller than the type. The home of this variety is Taiwan .
- Chamaecyparis obtusa var. Obtusa : This variety is native to Japan .
Cultivated forms
Here is a selection of the cultivated cultivated forms:
- 'Crippsii': A broad, pyramidal shape with golden yellow foliage that is around 3 to 4.5 meters high.
- 'Tetragona': A narrow-growing form that becomes about 4 meters high and has blue-green foliage.
- 'Tetragona Aurea': This shape is similar to the 'Tetragona', but has golden yellow leaves.
Small to dwarf forms are:
- 'Flabelliformis': A dwarf form with light green leaves that is only 15 centimeters high.
- 'Kosteri': With apple-green leaves.
- 'Minima': A slowly growing, green, leafy dwarf form that only reaches a height of about 10 centimeters after 20 years.
- 'Nana': This form becomes about 1 meter high with a broad habit. The leaves are dull and dark green.
- 'Nana Gracilis': This shape grows broadly conical with twisted branches and becomes 30 to 60 centimeters high. The leaves are light to dark green.
- 'Nana Aurea': A dwarf form with golden yellow leaves that turn bronze in winter.
- 'Pygmaea': A broad-growing dwarf form, brown-bronze leaves with gray-brown bark
- 'Spiralis': A shape with an upright growth.
- 'Tempelhof': This form, which grows about 2.5 meters high, has greenish leaves that can turn bronze in winter.
- 'Verdon': A slowly growing, yellow-green form.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Chamaecyparis obtusa. In: The Gymnosperm Database. May 22, 2011, accessed October 21, 2011 .
- Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of Plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (source for the chapter on cultivated forms).
Individual evidence
- ↑ 木 曽 三 川 川 の 流 れ と 歴 史 の 歩 み 【木 曽 川 ・ 長 良 川 ・ 揖 斐川】 . 14. 木 曽 五 木 . (No longer available online.) In: 古 地理 調査 . Kokudo Chiriin , archived from the original on January 21, 2013 ; Retrieved December 19, 2012 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Amber Chang: Hay fever (花粉症). (No longer available online.) In: E-Ibaraki Report. Ibaraki International Affairs Division, Ibaraki Prefecture, June 27, 2007, archived from the original on April 10, 2009 ; accessed on May 10, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Chamaecyparis obtusa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
- ^ Robert Tisserand, Rodney Young: Essential Oil Safety. Second Edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2014, ISBN 978-0-443-06241-4 , pp. 61, 301 ff.
- ↑ List of club materials, TT Blades Database on stervinou.net, accessed on February 19, 2018.
- ↑ Fl. Japanese 2:38, t. 121. 1844. See entry in GRIN .
- ↑ Syn. Conif. 63. 1847. See entry at GRIN .
Web links
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Chamaecyparis obtusa in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2006. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 2000. Retrieved on 11 May, 2006.