Cupressoideae

Cupressoideae
	Two Mediterranean cypress trees ( Cupressus sempervirens )
Systematics
Department :	Vascular plants (tracheophyta)
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Coniferopsida
Order :	Conifers (Coniferales)
Family :	Cypress family (Cupressaceae)
Subfamily :	Cupressoideae
Scientific name
	Cupressoideae
	Sweet

Cupressoideae is a subfamily of the family of the cypress family (Cupressaceae). It is assigned eleven genera. Representatives of this subfamily are found almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere, only the area of the East African juniper extends into the southern hemisphere.

description

The species from the subfamily Cupressoideae grow as evergreen shrubs or trees . The younger leaves are mostly needle-shaped, while the older leaves of most species are scale-shaped and close to the branches. They are opposite or rarely in three whorls (when there are several types of juniper ).

Almost all representatives are monoecious ( monoecious ), the only exception are the junipers ( Juniperus ), where there are also dioecious ( dioecious ) species. The cones are very diverse and produce a very different number of seeds, from a single seed per cone in the Siberian dwarf tree and some juniper species to a few dozen in the cypress . Most of the cones of the Cupressoideae lignify to maturity. Only in the juniper species are fleshy, berry-like cones formed, the so-called juniper berries, which is related to the spread by animals, such as. B. birds ( ornithochory ), stands.

Systematics

The subfamily Cupressoideae was set up in 1826 by Robert Sweet in Sweet's Hortus Britannicus: or a catalog of plants cultivated in the gardens of Great Britain, arranged in natural orders ... , page 372 as "Subordo Cupressinae", although he gave no precise description. This only took place in a reverence written by Sweets to Louis Claude Marie Richards , Commentatio Botanica de Conifereis et Cycadeis , published in September to November 1826 , in which the subfamily is listed as the Cupressinae section .

There are eleven recent genera in the subfamily Cupressoideae, five of which are monotypical , i.e. consist of only one species.

Frankincense Cedar ( Calocedrus ): There are four types, three in East Asia, one in North America
False cypress trees ( Chamaecyparis ): There are six species, four in East Asia, two in North America. Recently, some authors also include Fokienia hodginsii this
Cypresses ( Cupressus ) are the type genus for this subfamily. There are between 17 and 33 species, depending on the perception of the species, that occur in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia
Fokienia , monotypical (or placed with Chamaecyparis ). Home: East Asia
Juniper ( Juniperus ): There are between 45 and 75 species in North America, Europe, Africa and Asia, depending on the perception of the species.
Microbiota , monotypic (or placed in the genus Platycladus ).
Platycladus , monotypic (or two species, then including Microbiota decussata = Platycladus decussata )
Tetraclinis , monotypical, widespread in north-west Africa, south-east Spain and Malta
Arborvitae ( Thuja ). There are five types, two in North America, three in East Asia
Thujopsis , monotypical, origin: Japan
Xanthocyparis . There are two species, one in North America ( Xanthocyparis nootkatensis ) and one in Vietnam ( Xanthocyparis vietnamensis ). Various authors do not accept the genus, which was only newly described in 2002, but place the two species as Cupressus

swell

Paul A. Gadek, Deryn L. Alpers, Margaret M. Heslewood, Christopher J. Quinn: Relationships within Cupressaceae senus lato: A combined morphological and molecular approach . In: American Journal of Botany . Volume 87, No. 7 , 2000, pp. 1044-1057 (English, amjbot.org [PDF]).

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c Paul A. Gadek, Deryn L. Alpers, Margaret M. Heslewood, Christopher J. Quinn: Relationships within Cupressaceae senus lato: A combined morphological and molecular approach . In: American Journal of Botany . Volume 87, No. 7 , 2000, pp. 1044-1057 (English, amjbot.org [PDF]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Armin Jagel, Veit Dörken: Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part II. Cupressoideae. In: Bulletin of the Cupressus Conservation Project , number 9, volume 4, no. 2, October 20, 2015, pp. 51–78 ( PDF )
↑ subfam. Cupressoideae. In: The International Plant Names Index. www.ipni.org, accessed February 24, 2013 (English).
↑ Damon P. Little, Andrea E. Schwarzbach, Robert P. Adams, Chang-Fu Hsieh: The circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of Callitropsis and the newly described genus Xanthocyparis (Cupressaceae) . In: American Journal of Botany . Volume 91, No. 11 , 2004, p. 1872–1881 (English, amjbot.org [PDF]).

[Gadek-1] A ^b ^c Paul A. Gadek, Deryn L. Alpers, Margaret M. Heslewood, Christopher J. Quinn: Relationships within Cupressaceae senus lato: A combined morphological and molecular approach . In: American Journal of Botany . Volume 87, No. 7 , 2000, pp. 1044-1057 (English, amjbot.org [PDF]).

[Jagel-Dörken2015-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Armin Jagel, Veit Dörken: Morphology and morphogenesis of the seed cones of the Cupressaceae - part II. Cupressoideae. In: Bulletin of the Cupressus Conservation Project , number 9, volume 4, no. 2, October 20, 2015, pp. 51–78 ( PDF )

[IPNI-3] subfam. Cupressoideae. In: The International Plant Names Index. www.ipni.org, accessed February 24, 2013 (English).

[Little-4] Damon P. Little, Andrea E. Schwarzbach, Robert P. Adams, Chang-Fu Hsieh: The circumscription and phylogenetic relationships of Callitropsis and the newly described genus Xanthocyparis (Cupressaceae) . In: American Journal of Botany . Volume 91, No. 11 , 2004, p. 1872–1881 (English, amjbot.org [PDF]).